[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"event:code:egn-global-23:en-US":3},{"metadata":4,"sys":7,"fields":27},{"tags":5,"concepts":6},[],[],{"space":8,"id":13,"type":14,"createdAt":15,"updatedAt":15,"environment":16,"publishedVersion":20,"revision":21,"contentType":22,"locale":26},{"sys":9},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"Link","Space","ghhpjogyw4x7","3dktbPZ09zxXw9qPWSnJqc","Entry","2023-11-13T15:15:38.491Z",{"sys":17},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},"master","Environment",7,1,{"sys":23},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":25},"ContentType","event","en-US",{"code":28,"eventName":29,"date":30,"confidential":31,"topic":32},"egn-global-23","EGN Global 2023","2023-12-14T00:00+03:00",true,{"metadata":33,"sys":36,"fields":47},{"tags":34,"concepts":35},[],[],{"space":37,"id":39,"type":14,"createdAt":40,"updatedAt":40,"environment":41,"publishedVersion":43,"revision":21,"contentType":44,"locale":26},{"sys":38},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"3N1eVBCNkhg3xMkFdpaSes","2023-11-13T15:13:39.004Z",{"sys":42},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},11,{"sys":45},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":46},"topic",{"isHidden":31,"globalId":48,"name":49,"slug":50,"aboutButtonText":51,"tests":52,"diplomaTest":1379,"icon":1398,"iconDisplayType":1424,"topicCategory":1425},"egnglobal","EGN Global","egn-global","About this lesson",[53],{"metadata":54,"sys":57,"fields":68},{"tags":55,"concepts":56},[],[],{"space":58,"id":60,"type":14,"createdAt":61,"updatedAt":61,"environment":62,"publishedVersion":64,"revision":21,"contentType":65,"locale":26},{"sys":59},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7vkLXwCBlUwO6f1Vrmrpe0","2023-11-13T15:13:39.088Z",{"sys":63},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},5,{"sys":66},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":67},"test",{"globalId":69,"slug":70,"questions":71},"egn_global_test","egn-global-test",[72,246,426,550,633,719,810,906,995,1089,1190,1284],{"metadata":73,"sys":83,"fields":96},{"tags":74,"concepts":82},[75,79],{"sys":76},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},"Tag","global",{"sys":80},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":81},"poverty",[],{"space":84,"id":86,"type":14,"createdAt":87,"updatedAt":88,"environment":89,"publishedVersion":91,"revision":92,"contentType":93,"locale":26},{"sys":85},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"19b6a3c90ff55351bf64c7e50a62a843","2021-11-11T07:17:14.853Z","2025-09-15T08:18:07.275Z",{"sys":90},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},211,71,{"sys":94},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},"question",{"globalId":97,"answers":98,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":154,"ruleOfThumbs":155,"name":194,"questionText":195,"shortQuestionText":196,"statistics":197,"veryWrongStatistics":218,"correctSentence":239,"youWereWrong":240,"youWereRight":241,"dataSourceShortText":242,"dataSourceLinkLongText":243,"extendedAnswerText":244,"headingVeryWrong":245,"youWereVeryWrong":240,"headingWrong":245},"4",[99,120,137],{"metadata":100,"sys":103,"fields":116},{"tags":101,"concepts":102},[],[],{"space":104,"id":106,"type":14,"createdAt":107,"updatedAt":108,"environment":109,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":113,"locale":26},{"sys":105},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"8bc3d60b61ce46c9145451ebb3792324","2021-11-11T07:17:15.002Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.740Z",{"sys":110},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},58,53,{"sys":114},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},"answer",{"globalId":117,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":119},"4-a1",false,"Less than 1%",{"metadata":121,"sys":124,"fields":134},{"tags":122,"concepts":123},[],[],{"space":125,"id":127,"type":14,"createdAt":128,"updatedAt":129,"environment":130,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":132,"locale":26},{"sys":126},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"ddd3e1a14fc7ab9df5a949481a0ebc6c","2021-11-11T07:17:15.072Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.776Z",{"sys":131},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":133},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":135,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":136},"4-a2","Around 11%",{"metadata":138,"sys":141,"fields":151},{"tags":139,"concepts":140},[],[],{"space":142,"id":144,"type":14,"createdAt":145,"updatedAt":146,"environment":147,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":149,"locale":26},{"sys":143},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7ed46ca1c4a47696c953a179614b0b64","2021-11-11T07:17:15.102Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.808Z",{"sys":148},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":150},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":152,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":153},"4-a3","Around 21%",77,[156,175],{"metadata":157,"sys":160,"fields":172},{"tags":158,"concepts":159},[],[],{"space":161,"id":163,"type":14,"createdAt":164,"updatedAt":165,"environment":166,"publishedVersion":168,"revision":112,"contentType":169,"locale":26},{"sys":162},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7v1cBq5FLbj83DhyZ7y0LW","2020-06-15T15:52:40.447Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.826Z",{"sys":167},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},57,{"sys":170},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":171},"ruleOfThumb",{"header":173,"body":174}," Keep track of gradual improvements","A small change every year can mean a huge change over the decades.",{"metadata":176,"sys":179,"fields":191},{"tags":177,"concepts":178},[],[],{"space":180,"id":182,"type":14,"createdAt":183,"updatedAt":184,"environment":185,"publishedVersion":187,"revision":188,"contentType":189,"locale":26},{"sys":181},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1pPwdgxXko3AQd209j7Zs3","2020-06-15T15:54:38.970Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.846Z",{"sys":186},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},67,64,{"sys":190},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":171},{"header":192,"body":193}," Better and bad","Practice distinguishing between a level (e.g., bad) and a direction of change (e.g., better). Convince yourself that things can be both better and bad.","What share of the population in high-income countr","What share of the population in high-income countries (like Germany and the USA) live in extreme poverty (with less than $3\u002Fday)?","What share of people in high-income countries (eg. Germany and the USA) live in extreme poverty (with less than $3\u002Fday)?",[198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217],"swe 0.733028593765909","nor 0.789128660159712","fin 0.70841928719084","dnk 0.7926176536279861","gbr 0.8127","phl 0.72","nga 0.73","pak 0.66","ind 0.58","zaf 0.71","mar 0.68","mys 0.63","esp 0.82","rus 0.64","mex 0.8","jpn 0.75","deu 0.82","fra 0.89","bra 0.58","usa 0.74",[219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238],"gbr 0.42","usa 0.36","bra 0.23","fra 0.33","deu 0.39","jpn 0.37","mex 0.44","rus 0.27","esp 0.43","swe 0.19","mys 0.28","mar 0.32","dnk 0.26","fin 0.21","nor 0.26","zaf 0.28","ind 0.26","pak 0.26","nga 0.29","phl 0.39","Less than 1% of people in high-income countries live in extreme poverty, with less than $3\u002Fday.","Many think the poor in rich countries are much poorer than they actually are. Their suffering is undefendable, but almost no poor people in rich countries have to sleep on mud floors with their starving children.","Many think the poor in rich countries are much poorer than they actually are. The poverty they see in rich countries is so undefendable that they probably assume it’s the worst kind of poverty.","Source: World Bank","The World Bank[1] estimates that in 2023 roughly 0.6% of all people in high-income countries lived on less than $3 a day. The dollar level is adjusted for differences in prices and costs of living, by using the Purchasing Power Parity of 2021 international dollars.\nThe group called high-income countries in 2023 were those who had a gross national income (GNI) per capita above $14,005 or more, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method[2]. Around 85 countries from around the world are in this category, including most countries in Europe.\nThe incomes of people in different high-income countries are made comparable in the Luxembourg Income Study database[3].\nPlease note that this question asks about the international extreme poverty rate, which uses an absolute poverty line of 3 $\u002Fday. This is different from the national poverty lines which vary across countries and are used to determine who is eligible for social welfare programs in each country. In many high-income countries the national poverty lines are around 20 times higher than the international line of extreme poverty[4].\n\n[1]  [World Bank Povcal](https:\u002F\u002Fdata.worldbank.org\u002Findicator\u002FSI.POV.DDAY?locations=XD-XM-XT-XN-1W)  \n[2]  [World Bank income groups](https:\u002F\u002Fdatahelpdesk.worldbank.org\u002Fknowledgebase\u002Farticles\u002F906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups)  \n[3]  [Luxembourg Income Study database](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lisdatacenter.org\u002Four-data\u002Flis-database\u002F)  \n[4]  [A richer array of international poverty lines, the World Bank, FRANCISCO FERREIRA & CAROLINA SÁNCHEZ-PÁRAMO, OCTOBER 13, 2017](http:\u002F\u002Fblogs.worldbank.org\u002Fdevelopmenttalk\u002Fricher-array-international-poverty-lines)  ","Being poor in rich countries is a terrible experience that too many families have to deal with on a daily basis. They suffer from exclusion and lack opportunities that others around them have. The solution to their suffering is often within reach of the country they live in if only resources and opportunities were more fairly shared.\n\nThe definitions of poverty in high-income countries are often used to determine who has the right to welfare programs. The definitions of poverty are different in different countries but they are often in the range of $10 to $30 per person per day. \n\nThe definition of extreme poverty does not vary between countries. It’s always less than $3 a day. Today, less than 10% of the world’s population live in extreme poverty, which in reality means they often don’t have enough food, water, electricity, housing and healthcare. Roughly half of them live in middle-income countries, and the rest live in low-income countries. Almost none of them live in high-income countries.\n\nTo see life on different incomes all over the World, check out  [Dollar Street.](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street\u002F) \n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nIt shows that people don’t know just how poor people in extreme poverty really are. These people are not just poor, they can’t afford enough to eat and don’t have many other basics the rest of us take for granted. When we think their numbers are so huge, we think it is not possible to help them all.\n\nPoverty in high-income countries is real and people suffer, but it is different. If they have the right policies in place, high-income countries can solve issues with exclusion and inequality themselves. For those in extreme poverty, their countries often have bigger structural problems that need to be fixed.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey see people who are very poor even in the richest countries and think they meet the criteria of extreme poverty. It probably comes from the wish to not trivialize suffering, but it is not factual.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes, but it is important to understand what both extreme poverty and high-income countries actually are.\n\nThe World Bank estimates that in 2023 roughly 0.6% of all people in high-income countries lived on less than $3 a day (extreme poverty). The dollar level is adjusted for differences in prices and costs of living, by using the Purchasing Power Parity of 2021 international dollars.\n\nThe group called high-income countries are those in 2023 who had a gross national income (GNI) per capita above $14,005, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. Around 85 countries from around the world are in this category, including most countries in Europe. The incomes of people in different high-income countries are made comparable in the Luxembourg Income Study database.\n\nPlease note that this question asks about the international extreme poverty rate, which uses an absolute poverty line of $3 per day. This is different from the national poverty lines which vary across countries and are used to determine who is eligible for social welfare programs in each country. In many high-income countries the national poverty lines are around 20 times higher than the international line of extreme poverty.\n","Extremely few are extremely poor in rich countries",{"metadata":247,"sys":255,"fields":267},{"tags":248,"concepts":254},[249,251],{"sys":250},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":252},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":253},"work",[],{"space":256,"id":258,"type":14,"createdAt":259,"updatedAt":260,"environment":261,"publishedVersion":263,"revision":264,"contentType":265,"locale":26},{"sys":257},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"30299f092a52e74df8d457df05372ea9","2021-11-11T07:17:16.072Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.272Z",{"sys":262},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},356,158,{"sys":266},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":268,"answers":269,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":323,"ruleOfThumbs":324,"name":344,"questionText":345,"statistics":346,"veryWrongStatistics":381,"correctSentence":419,"youWereWrong":420,"youWereRight":421,"dataSourceShortText":422,"dataSourceLinkLongText":423,"extendedAnswerText":424,"headingVeryWrong":425,"youWereVeryWrong":420,"headingWrong":425},"11",[270,289,306],{"metadata":271,"sys":274,"fields":286},{"tags":272,"concepts":273},[],[],{"space":275,"id":277,"type":14,"createdAt":278,"updatedAt":279,"environment":280,"publishedVersion":282,"revision":283,"contentType":284,"locale":26},{"sys":276},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"62e35ee9d3c5e051f83ed8b0756baa19","2021-11-11T07:17:16.122Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.352Z",{"sys":281},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},153,140,{"sys":285},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":287,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":288},"11-a1","Around 9%",{"metadata":290,"sys":293,"fields":303},{"tags":291,"concepts":292},[],[],{"space":294,"id":296,"type":14,"createdAt":297,"updatedAt":298,"environment":299,"publishedVersion":282,"revision":283,"contentType":301,"locale":26},{"sys":295},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"9f0f860cd8afbfce5631861363f9f675","2021-11-11T07:17:16.152Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.388Z",{"sys":300},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":302},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":304,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":305},"11-a2","Around 37%",{"metadata":307,"sys":310,"fields":320},{"tags":308,"concepts":309},[],[],{"space":311,"id":313,"type":14,"createdAt":314,"updatedAt":315,"environment":316,"publishedVersion":282,"revision":283,"contentType":318,"locale":26},{"sys":312},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"af0c20513d765e5133c17caa2701008e","2021-11-11T07:17:16.184Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.421Z",{"sys":317},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":319},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":321,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":322},"11-a3","Around 61%",93,[325],{"metadata":326,"sys":329,"fields":341},{"tags":327,"concepts":328},[],[],{"space":330,"id":332,"type":14,"createdAt":333,"updatedAt":334,"environment":335,"publishedVersion":337,"revision":338,"contentType":339,"locale":26},{"sys":331},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5oD2GcWuDmOUjo2lN1ICff","2020-06-15T15:59:05.131Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.442Z",{"sys":336},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},135,133,{"sys":340},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":171},{"header":342,"body":343}," Divide","Amounts and rates can tell very different stories. Rates are more meaningful, especially when comparing between different-sized groups. In particular, look for rates per person when comparing between countries or regions.","In 1990, 58% of the world's population lived in lo","In 1990, 58% of the world's population lived in low-income countries. What is the share today?",[347,348,349,350,351,352,353,354,355,356,357,358,359,360,361,362,363,364,365,366,367,368,369,370,371,372,373,374,375,376,377,378,379,380],"uk 0.9512","nor 0.95958059745637","fin 0.984133284697456","dnk 0.950868237803684","are 0.839","arg 0.947","aus 0.953","bel 0.965","bra 0.939","can 0.955","chn 0.855","col 0.97","deu 0.969","egy 0.909","esp 0.903","fra 0.948","hun 0.972","idn 0.944","ita 0.897","jor 0.907","jpn 0.941","kor 0.919","mar 0.931","mex 0.966","mys 0.91","per 0.911","pol 0.947","rou 0.955","rus 0.967","sau 0.828","sgp 0.892","swe 0.929","tur 0.876","usa 0.956",[382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,235,417,418,238],"uk 0.5567","usa 0.5692","arg 0.556","aus 0.5275","bel 0.6008","bra 0.5370","can 0.5934","chn 0.1258","fra 0.5112","deu 0.5877","hun 0.5920","idn 0.3253","ita 0.4055","jpn 0.4548","mex 0.5250","pol 0.3573","rus 0.5154","sau 0.2774","sgp 0.3022","kor 0.2735","esp 0.5003","swe 0.4256","tur 0.4562","mys 0.2975","egy 0.4371","are 0.3234","col 0.54","rou 0.4331","per 0.3770","jor 0.5071","mar 0.4382","dnk 0.5","fin 0.56","nor 0.47","zaf 0.48","pak 0.48","nga 0.62","Today, only 9% of people live in low-income countries.","Many think that low-income countries are still many. Most people don’t realize that AVERAGE incomes have increased a lot, even in countries where many still live in poverty.","Many think that low-income countries are still many. They don’t realize that AVERAGE incomes have increased a lot in countries where many still live in poverty.","Sources: World Bank & UN","This is based on the World Bank’s definition[1] of low-income countries based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Countries belong to the group if their income falls below a specific threshold, which increases slightly over the years, almost keeping pace with the inflation of the US dollar.\n\nIn 1990, there were 53 countries below the threshold which was then $610. The total population of those countries was 3.1 billion, which was 58% of the world population of 5.3 billion, based on the population estimates from the UN Population Division[2]. In 2022, the threshold for being labeled as a low-income country had risen to $1,135 or less [3] when only 26 countries had average incomes below that, and their combined population was 0.7 billion people, which is 9% of the world population of 8 billion. \n\nThere were 53 countries that were low-income in 1990. Today there are 26. Many countries have moved to a higher income but some dropped down to low-income from previously being middle-income countries (including Yemen and Syria).\n\nThe unit used for these GNI numbers is US Dollars converted from national currencies with the so-called Atlas method [4], which uses the average exchange rate of the three recent years. This method of converting currencies doesn’t account for price differences and purchasing power differences between countries. And national averages don’t express the income inequalities within countries which have been increasing in all these countries, as the income growth has been very unevenly distributed among the population. No matter what, a majority of people today have higher incomes than the majority in these countries had in 1990[5].\n\n[1]  [Classifying countries by income, the World Bank](https:\u002F\u002Fdatatopics.worldbank.org\u002Fworld-development-indicators\u002Fstories\u002Fthe-classification-of-countries-by-income.html)  \n[2]  [UN World Population Prospects](https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002F)  \n[3]  [New country classifications by income level: 2019-2020, the World Bank](https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.worldbank.org\u002Fopendata\u002Fnew-world-bank-country-classifications-income-level-2021-2022)  \n[4]  [World Bank Atlas Method](https:\u002F\u002Fdatahelpdesk.worldbank.org\u002Fknowledgebase\u002Farticles\u002F378832-what-is-the-world-bank-atlas-method)  \n[5]  [Gapminder Income Mountains](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ffw\u002Fincome-mountains\u002F)","For most companies in most industries, global competition intensified during the past 30 years because of something that most of them couldn’t anticipate, and still haven’t fully realized. \n\nThe majority of the world’s population moved from living in low-income countries to middle-income countries. Not by moving to a different country. They moved their country average by becoming richer.\n\nMany people in used-to-be-low-income countries started manufacturing products and made money by successfully competing on the global markets, instead of being small-scale farmers like their parents used to be. They increased their incomes and thereby pushed up the average income per person to the point where their countries were reclassified as middle-income countries. And it wasn’t just China, it happened in many big countries like India, Nigeria, Colombia, Indonesia, Brazil and Bangladesh. \n\nBut even if the majority in these countries got richer, not everyone living there did. Today these new middle-income countries are still home to roughly half of the world’s extremely poor, living on less than $2\u002Fday.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nIf people have an outdated view that the world hasn’t improved at all and that it is still only divided by rich and poor, they miss so many opportunities to travel, study, move and do business.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nSlow positive changes don’t show up in the media, so it is easy to lose track of how countries have progressed. We are left with what we learned in school or what is passed on to us by our parents, which is often out of date.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes. It is based on the World Bank’s definition of low-income countries based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Countries belong to the group if their income falls below a specific threshold, which increases slightly over the years, almost keeping pace with the inflation of the US dollar.\n\nIn 1990, there were 53 countries below the threshold which was then $610. The total population of those countries was 3.1 billion, which was 58% of the world population of 5.3 billion, based on the population estimates from the UN Population Division[2]. In 2022, the threshold for being labeled as a low-income country had risen to $1,135 [3] when only 26 countries had average incomes below that, and their combined population was 0.7 billion people, which is 9% of the world population of 8 billion. \n\nThe definition of extreme poverty does not vary between countries. It was increased in 2022 to $2.15 per person per day from $1.90 (we say \"around $2\" a day in our explanation to simplify), and is the same everywhere.\n\nThe unit used for these GNI numbers is US Dollars converted from national currencies with the so-called Atlas method, which uses the average exchange rate of the three recent years. This method of converting currencies doesn’t account for price differences and purchasing power differences, between countries. And national averages don’t express the income inequalities within countries which have been increasing in all these countries, as the income growth has been very unevenly distributed among the population. No matter what, a majority of people today have higher incomes than the majority in these countries had in 1990.\n\n### Discover more\nIn the [World Health Chart](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fwhc) you can see the amazing improvements in health and incomes for all countries over the last 200 years, showing country averages. But average incomes hide inequalities. The income differences are still wide in most of these countries, which is visible when looking at the [income distributions over time](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ffw\u002Fincome-mountains\u002F). \n\nWhile statistics can help us see the big patterns that most people are unaware of, they don’t let us see what the reality behind the data looks like. To fully understand how much better life is today for many people in middle-income countries, and to see what life looks like in extreme poverty there, visit [Dollar Street](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street) \n","More are richer now",{"metadata":427,"sys":435,"fields":447},{"tags":428,"concepts":434},[429,431],{"sys":430},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":432},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":433},"health",[],{"space":436,"id":438,"type":14,"createdAt":439,"updatedAt":440,"environment":441,"publishedVersion":443,"revision":444,"contentType":445,"locale":26},{"sys":437},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"230533e75d32917d3d895acfb0b8be3c","2021-11-11T07:06:46.227Z","2025-03-27T13:02:37.038Z",{"sys":442},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},264,148,{"sys":446},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":448,"answers":449,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":502,"name":503,"questionText":504,"statistics":505,"veryWrongStatistics":524,"correctSentence":543,"youWereWrong":544,"youWereRight":545,"dataSourceShortText":546,"dataSourceLinkLongText":547,"extendedAnswerText":548,"headingVeryWrong":549,"youWereVeryWrong":544,"headingWrong":549},"32",[450,468,485],{"metadata":451,"sys":454,"fields":465},{"tags":452,"concepts":453},[],[],{"space":455,"id":457,"type":14,"createdAt":458,"updatedAt":459,"environment":460,"publishedVersion":283,"revision":462,"contentType":463,"locale":26},{"sys":456},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4d89222c6af61ff00cc8956f039d4f54","2021-11-11T06:52:02.728Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.413Z",{"sys":461},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},134,{"sys":464},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":466,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":467},"32-a1","Low-income countries",{"metadata":469,"sys":472,"fields":482},{"tags":470,"concepts":471},[],[],{"space":473,"id":475,"type":14,"createdAt":476,"updatedAt":477,"environment":478,"publishedVersion":283,"revision":462,"contentType":480,"locale":26},{"sys":474},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"05c91398c4f00a262052de816e6a0bf1","2021-11-11T06:52:04.283Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.448Z",{"sys":479},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":481},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":483,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":484},"32-a2","Middle-income countries",{"metadata":486,"sys":489,"fields":499},{"tags":487,"concepts":488},[],[],{"space":490,"id":492,"type":14,"createdAt":493,"updatedAt":494,"environment":495,"publishedVersion":283,"revision":462,"contentType":497,"locale":26},{"sys":491},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"18778d68d4b4d604a81cac6a927289e1","2021-11-11T06:52:06.047Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.483Z",{"sys":496},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":498},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":500,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":501},"32-a3","High-income countries",69,"In which countries are people on average least sat","In which countries are people on average least satisfied with their lives?",[506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523],"bra 0.53","fra 0.69","jpn 0.76","mex 0.58","rus 0.91","esp 0.71","mys 0.75","mar 0.7","zaf 0.69","ind 0.74","pak 0.68","nga 0.59","phl 0.66","prt 0.7671","usa 0.60","uk 0.63","deu 0.66","swe 0.71",[525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542],"bra 0.31","fra 0.37","jpn 0.32","mex 0.29","rus 0.47","esp 0.41","mys 0.31","mar 0.36","zaf 0.34","ind 0.22","pak 0.27","nga 0.28","phl 0.35","prt 0.41","usa 0.27","uk 0.3","deu 0.34","swe 0.39","On average, people in richer countries report higher life satisfaction than those in poorer countries.","There are unhappy people on all incomes but, generally, in richer countries there are fewer of them, on average.","They don’t realize that richer people on average are less unhappy.","Multiple sources","There are many ways to measure happiness and it is a difficult thing to measure because it is a temporary feeling and also somewhat subjective. Our World in Data has looked at multiple sources and measures[1]. \n\nPerhaps the best way is the “cantril ladder question”, where people are asked where they feel they are on a ladder from 0 to 10, where 10 is the best possible life and 0 is the worst possible life for them. This is used in many surveys, for example in the Gallup World Poll which is used in the World Happiness report[2]. \n\nA slightly different format is used in two other surveys. In the World Value Survey[3] people are asked if they are very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not happy at all. In the European Commission’s Eurobarometer[4] people are asked if they are very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with life. \n\nAsking about life satisfaction and happiness is not exactly the same thing, as self-reported happiness has both an experiential and emotional side. However, there is some crossover between the two types of questions and both give similar results in terms of people in richer countries having both higher life satisfaction and happiness. \n\n[1]  [Happiness and life satisfaction - Our World in Data](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction#mis-perceptions-about-others-happiness)  \n[2]  [World Happiness Report](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gallup.com\u002Fanalytics\u002F349487\u002Fworld-happiness-report.aspx?utm_source=public_sector&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=world_happiness_report_march_3_non_download_03272025&utm_term=information&utm_content=download_report_cta_1&thank-you-report-form=1)  \n[3]  [The World Values Survey (WVS)](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org\u002FWVSEVSjoint2017.jsp)  \n[4]  [European Commission – Eurobarometer Interactive](https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Fcommfrontoffice\u002Fpublicopinion\u002Findex.cfm\u002FChart\u002FgetChart\u002FthemeKy\u002F1\u002FgroupKy\u002F1)","It’s very difficult to measure happiness. Psychologists have tested many different ways to phrase the questions and found that different individuals interpret “happiness” in different ways. The numbers are not exact, but still the pattern is clear in the two largest international studies: average happiness and well-being is higher in richer countries and among richer people. (If you doubt this, see the results from the international comparisons [here](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction)).\n\n### Does this mean that average happiness increases if average income increases?\nNO! This does NOT mean that GDP growth leads to happiness! \nLook at [this graph](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fgrapher\u002Fgdp-vs-happiness?time=2005..latest&country=BLR~BWA~EGY~IND~IRN~LAO~MYS~RWA~ZAF~TZA~TKM~VNM~ZMB) for example, showing some countries where the average income increased over the past 15 years, while the average happiness went down. \n\n![Screenshot 2022-05-10 at 10.53.17](\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002F56m7tYTe9KsrsdHswEGfUD\u002Fe05f36c762ef39ea0a11649041311dcb\u002FScreenshot_2022-05-10_at_10.53.17.png)\n\nIt’s often the case that average income increases because a small group of people get richer. That doesn’t make the rest of the population happier. Quite the opposite. If the majority experiences worsening living conditions, the average happiness declines. In other countries, the average income and happiness have increased at the same time.\n\n### Are you trying to say that rich people will get happier if they get richer?\nNO! This doesn’t mean that the average person in high-income countries will become less unhappy by getting richer. If you really want glasses but you can’t afford them, that keeps you unhappy. When you get your first pair of glasses, that will make you much happier, but a second pair won’t make you much happier. In high-income countries almost everyone who needs glasses has them already. A majority of citizens have all their basic human needs met, like: food, housing, healthcare, safety and glasses. When those needs are satisfied, having more of those physical things will not reduce unhappiness much.\n\n### Why are people in middle- and low-income countries less happy?\nThere are many circumstances that are very individual, but on a high level, many people still have many of their basic physical needs unsatisfied. That, and other circumstances like violence and lack of freedom, explain why poorer people are less satisfied with their lives, on average. But again, that is only an average. Some people manage to be extremely happy with very little material resources, and some are totally miserable even after becoming billionaires. In all societies there are enormous individual differences.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about others’ happiness?\nIf you think that people are less happy in richer countries you won’t realize why billions of people on lower incomes are doing everything they can to get richer: they still have many basic needs that are unmet. You will realize this by looking at people’s homes across the world on all different income levels on [Dollar Street](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street).\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nIn the media we often hear about the lives of celebrities with unimaginable amounts of money, and how they are not happy. The poor seldom get space to talk about their feelings. This leads to a skewed view of who is most unhappy.  \n\n### Resources\n[Our World in Data](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction#the-link-across-countries)\n\n[World Happiness Report 2025](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gallup.com\u002Fanalytics\u002F349487\u002Fworld-happiness-report.aspx?utm_source=public_sector&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=world_happiness_report_march_3_non_download_03272025&utm_term=information&utm_content=download_report_cta_1&thank-you-report-form=1)\n\nVisit [homes of the poorest](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street\u002F?max=60&topic=homes) to see what everyday life is like when you struggle to have your basic needs met on a daily basis. \n","Many rich are unhappy, but...",{"metadata":551,"sys":554,"fields":566},{"tags":552,"concepts":553},[],[],{"space":555,"id":557,"type":14,"createdAt":558,"updatedAt":559,"environment":560,"publishedVersion":562,"revision":563,"contentType":564,"locale":26},{"sys":556},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5dJ6n2eVwxtjsR7XmoLO13","2023-05-02T10:32:35.509Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.599Z",{"sys":561},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},63,31,{"sys":565},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":567,"answers":568,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":622,"name":623,"questionText":624,"statistics":625,"veryWrongStatistics":627,"correctSentence":629,"dataSourceShortText":630,"dataSourceLinkLongText":631,"extendedAnswerText":632},"1613",[569,588,605],{"metadata":570,"sys":573,"fields":585},{"tags":571,"concepts":572},[],[],{"space":574,"id":576,"type":14,"createdAt":577,"updatedAt":578,"environment":579,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":583,"locale":26},{"sys":575},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"eEwhey9gIsqn4CmHQlUjp","2023-05-02T10:08:55.618Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.642Z",{"sys":580},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},34,30,{"sys":584},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":586,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":587},"1613-a1","Cancer",{"metadata":589,"sys":592,"fields":602},{"tags":590,"concepts":591},[],[],{"space":593,"id":595,"type":14,"createdAt":596,"updatedAt":597,"environment":598,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":600,"locale":26},{"sys":594},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4G1XKmCsYRH0rCMm2IFUEE","2023-05-02T10:09:11.951Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.680Z",{"sys":599},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":601},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":603,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":604},"1613-a2","Heart disease and strokes",{"metadata":606,"sys":609,"fields":619},{"tags":607,"concepts":608},[],[],{"space":610,"id":612,"type":14,"createdAt":613,"updatedAt":614,"environment":615,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":617,"locale":26},{"sys":611},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4amVZe7dgo0HARQIXYrimz","2023-05-02T10:09:37.408Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.721Z",{"sys":616},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":618},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":620,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":621},"1613-a3","Lack of food",74,"Main cause of death","Worldwide, what causes more deaths?",[626],"uk 0.76",[628],"uk 0.53","Heart disease and strokes are the main cause of death worldwide.","Source: IHME & WHO","[1]  [IHME](https:\u002F\u002Fvizhub.healthdata.org\u002Fgbd-results?params=gbd-api-2019-permalink\u002Fb5c019afa80b8eba4da6c56b99ab4446)    \n\n[2]  [WHO – The top 10 causes of death](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fthe-top-10-causes-of-death)   ","In 2019, cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and strokes) were responsible for 33% of all deaths worldwide; cancers were responsible for 18%; and nutritional deficiencies (lack of food) were the cause of 0.4% of all deaths.\n",{"metadata":634,"sys":637,"fields":649},{"tags":635,"concepts":636},[],[],{"space":638,"id":640,"type":14,"createdAt":641,"updatedAt":642,"environment":643,"publishedVersion":645,"revision":646,"contentType":647,"locale":26},{"sys":639},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2Fp8tpYFS8ogjMKtaI8Zgd","2023-03-13T11:21:11.565Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.003Z",{"sys":644},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},65,33,{"sys":648},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":650,"answers":651,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":704,"name":705,"questionText":706,"statistics":707,"veryWrongStatistics":709,"correctSentence":711,"youWereWrong":712,"youWereRight":713,"dataSourceShortText":714,"dataSourceLinkLongText":715,"extendedAnswerText":716,"headingVeryWrong":717,"youWereVeryWrong":718,"headingWrong":717},"1545",[652,670,687],{"metadata":653,"sys":656,"fields":667},{"tags":654,"concepts":655},[],[],{"space":657,"id":659,"type":14,"createdAt":660,"updatedAt":661,"environment":662,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":665,"locale":26},{"sys":658},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"AOW5SJoEnReG557JaBWcj","2023-03-13T11:21:11.615Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.124Z",{"sys":663},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},35,{"sys":666},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":668,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":669},"1545-a1","Conflict and war",{"metadata":671,"sys":674,"fields":684},{"tags":672,"concepts":673},[],[],{"space":675,"id":677,"type":14,"createdAt":678,"updatedAt":679,"environment":680,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":682,"locale":26},{"sys":676},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4DuOUn8M57v02SKBOmw370","2023-03-13T11:21:11.652Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.164Z",{"sys":681},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":683},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":685,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":686},"1545-a2","Heart disease and stroke",{"metadata":688,"sys":691,"fields":701},{"tags":689,"concepts":690},[],[],{"space":692,"id":694,"type":14,"createdAt":695,"updatedAt":696,"environment":697,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":699,"locale":26},{"sys":693},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2ySyeIMOSvR1cT0OkZLFXP","2023-03-13T11:21:11.686Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.204Z",{"sys":698},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":700},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":702,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":703},"1545-a3","HIV \u002F AIDS",81,"Deaths in Africa","Which of the following causes the most deaths in Africa?",[708],"uk 0.81",[710],"uk 0.277","Heart disease and strokes are the leading cause of death in Africa. ","…most people die of heart disease and strokes. Nowadays, HIV and AIDS treatment is widespread and effective.","They mistakenly assumed that people in Africa die in different ways than people in the rest of the world. ","Source: IHME","The latest figures are for 2019 and show that of the deaths in Africa: cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and strokes) caused 18%; HIV\u002FAIDS caused 7%; and conflict and terrorism caused 0.15%. The figures come from the IHME’s 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. This data is estimated and not collected annually (usually once every 10 years or so) and, as such, some of the countries’ figures may be slightly outdated. There is a margin of error in the data and hard to say with certainty what the exact figure for each cause of death is. However, we are sure of the trend and have cross-checked with other sources, including the WHO. It is absolutely clear that heart disease and strokes are the cause of more deaths than either of the other two answer options. \n\n[1]  [IHME, Global Burden of Disease 2019](https:\u002F\u002Fvizhub.healthdata.org\u002Fgbd-results?params=gbd-api-2019-permalink\u002F9e4e5a1113ca750ef3b99e79b1871a33)  \n[2]  [Our World In Data – What do people die from?](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fcauses-of-death#what-do-people-die-from)  \n","Heart disease and strokes are the main cause of death everywhere and it is the same in Africa. The incredible improvement in care for people with HIV and AIDS means that it hasn’t been the leading cause of death in Africa since around 2010. Less than 1% of deaths in Africa come from war, but we have been conditioned to think that people in Africa are dying more often in wars than in old age. That is completely wrong! Even during the terrible events of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, conflict deaths (6%) didn’t overtake cardiovascular deaths (11%).\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey are so used to seeing the images in the media of chaos and suffering in Africa that they assume that is the experience of the entire continent of a billion people. It isn’t!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nFirstly, it means that people have missed the extraordinary improvement in access to HIV and AIDS medication. Secondly, it is another example of people thinking that Africa is very underdeveloped and many, many decades behind the rest of the world. This view is damaging both to the person with the misconception and to the countries in Africa who want to try to attract tourists, businesses, investment and students. \n\n### Can I trust this data?\nYes, but be aware they are estimates from the IHME’s 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. This data is not collected annually (usually once every 10 years or so) and, as such, some of the countries’ figures may be slightly outdated. There is a margin of error in the data and hard to say with certainty what the exact figure for each cause of death is. However, we are sure of the trend and have cross-checked with other sources, including the WHO. It is absolutely clear that heart disease and strokes are the cause of more deaths than either of the other two answer options. \n","Africa is like the rest of the world…","…most people die of heart disease and strokes. War and terrorism aren’t even close to being the main cause of death!",{"metadata":720,"sys":727,"fields":739},{"tags":721,"concepts":726},[722,724],{"sys":723},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":725},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":433},[],{"space":728,"id":730,"type":14,"createdAt":731,"updatedAt":732,"environment":733,"publishedVersion":735,"revision":736,"contentType":737,"locale":26},{"sys":729},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4bvrajRPnjflDearOgGqK3","2022-11-24T08:40:09.297Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.064Z",{"sys":734},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},109,72,{"sys":738},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":740,"answers":741,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":795,"name":796,"questionText":797,"statistics":798,"veryWrongStatistics":800,"correctSentence":802,"youWereWrong":803,"youWereRight":804,"dataSourceShortText":805,"dataSourceLinkLongText":806,"extendedAnswerText":807,"headingVeryWrong":808,"youWereVeryWrong":803,"headingWrong":809},"1517",[742,760,778],{"metadata":743,"sys":746,"fields":757},{"tags":744,"concepts":745},[],[],{"space":747,"id":749,"type":14,"createdAt":750,"updatedAt":751,"environment":752,"publishedVersion":622,"revision":754,"contentType":755,"locale":26},{"sys":748},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"3GiDqABvNQB0oWHg9icg4f","2022-11-24T08:40:09.330Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.109Z",{"sys":753},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},68,{"sys":756},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":758,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":759},"1517-a1","1850",{"metadata":761,"sys":764,"fields":775},{"tags":762,"concepts":763},[],[],{"space":765,"id":767,"type":14,"createdAt":768,"updatedAt":769,"environment":770,"publishedVersion":772,"revision":754,"contentType":773,"locale":26},{"sys":766},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2vXnQZr9WTcla7SLjq89pK","2022-11-24T08:40:09.357Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.144Z",{"sys":771},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},73,{"sys":774},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":776,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":777},"1517-a2","1900",{"metadata":779,"sys":782,"fields":792},{"tags":780,"concepts":781},[],[],{"space":783,"id":785,"type":14,"createdAt":786,"updatedAt":787,"environment":788,"publishedVersion":772,"revision":754,"contentType":790,"locale":26},{"sys":784},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1vGGaJtaGF3HuoOfWyBJ7o","2022-11-24T08:40:09.381Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.219Z",{"sys":789},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":791},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":793,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":794},"1517-a3","1950",82,"Child deaths in Africa vs Europe","Child deaths in Africa today are at the same levels as in Europe in:",[799],"uk 0.82",[801],"uk 0.411","Child deaths in Africa today are at the same levels as in Europe in 1950.","Africa today is MUCH more developed than most people realize!","They are at least 100 years behind in their view of Africa. ","Source: UN & Gapminder","The figures for the current under 5 mortality rate in Africa and the figures for Europe in 1950 come from the UN. They are calculated in different ways but mostly rely on birth history data and surveys. The historical data going back to 1800 was compiled and documented by Gapminder’s Mattias Lindgren and Klara Johansson from many sources, but mainly based on [www.mortality.org](https:\u002F\u002Fmortality.org\u002F) and the series of books called International Historical Statistics by Brian R Mitchell.\n\n[1]  [UN World Population Prospects](https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002F)  \n[2]  [Gapminder bubble chart of historical and current child mortality - (All countries)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ftools\u002F#$model$markers$bubble$encoding$y$data$concept=child_mortality_0_5_year_olds_dying_per_1000_born&space@=country&=time;;&scale$domain:null&zoomed:null&type:null;;;;;;&chart-type=bubbles&url=v1)  \n[3]  [Mortality.org](www.mortality.org)  ","Most people are completely wrong about Africa today. In 2022, only 6.4% of children died before age five, which is the same level as Europe had in 1955. It is, of course, far too many child deaths, but it is still much less than people in general believe. This is just one of many ways people underestimate African development. Most Africans today have access to food, water, basic healthcare and schooling, which has resulted in enormous improvements in child survival.\n\nPeople in general are also very wrong about European history. They don’t realize how bad things used to be. In 1850, nearly 40% of all children in Europe died before age five. In 1900 the number had decreased slightly to around 33%. Such high levels of child mortality hardly exist anywhere in the world today. \n\nThe enormous decline in mortality rates worldwide is partly an effect of increasing incomes, which means more parents have more resources to save their children. But even in communities that have remained extremely poor, far more children survive today because it has gotten easier to save lives thanks to widespread public health knowledge and inexpensive equipment. Improved hygiene and sanitation, access to vaccines, widespread basic healthcare, and educated mothers means that more and more children survive to celebrate their 5th birthday, and beyond.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nMost people have a stereotype of Africa in their head, where everything is bad and nothing improves. Most media images from Africa displayed on TV shows, in the news, or in movies, portray people who suffer in conflicts, in extreme poverty or from oppression. These images are almost never fake, but together they give an extremely skewed image of a continent that has improved a lot. In many communities, things are indeed still very bad. Nobody should neglect all the remaining suffering and problems, but still, the average African citizen today is much better off than most people imagine!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nA hugely misleading stereotype of Africa is not only harmful to its citizens, who are constantly perceived as victims of underdevelopment, but it is also hindering rich countries and companies from realizing the potential in Africa. Across the world, people miss amazing opportunities to travel, study, work and invest in African countries.\n\n### Can I trust this data?\nYes, but no statistics should be trusted as 100% correct. The African child mortality today and Europe’s in 1955 are both based on estimates. But even if their uncertainty range may be 5%, that doesn’t change which option is the correct answer. There’s no chance Africa today is as bad as Europe was in 1900 or before when it comes to mortality rates among children.\n","You are 100 years wrong","You are 50 years wrong",{"metadata":811,"sys":819,"fields":831},{"tags":812,"concepts":818},[813,815],{"sys":814},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":816},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":817},"industry",[],{"space":820,"id":822,"type":14,"createdAt":823,"updatedAt":824,"environment":825,"publishedVersion":827,"revision":828,"contentType":829,"locale":26},{"sys":821},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"CpN7HRrSgPdxCZl3T9ec8","2022-06-22T13:29:48.606Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.362Z",{"sys":826},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},164,96,{"sys":830},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"globalId":832,"answers":833,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":888,"name":889,"questionText":890,"statistics":891,"veryWrongStatistics":896,"correctSentence":900,"youWereWrong":901,"youWereRight":901,"dataSourceShortText":902,"dataSourceLinkLongText":903,"extendedAnswerText":904,"headingVeryWrong":905,"youWereVeryWrong":901,"headingWrong":905},"1391",[834,853,870],{"metadata":835,"sys":838,"fields":850},{"tags":836,"concepts":837},[],[],{"space":839,"id":841,"type":14,"createdAt":842,"updatedAt":843,"environment":844,"publishedVersion":846,"revision":847,"contentType":848,"locale":26},{"sys":840},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"64gtH9b8lgksFwIoo760NF","2022-06-22T13:29:48.643Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.452Z",{"sys":845},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},95,89,{"sys":849},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":851,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":852},"1391-a1","Around 40",{"metadata":854,"sys":857,"fields":867},{"tags":855,"concepts":856},[],[],{"space":858,"id":860,"type":14,"createdAt":861,"updatedAt":862,"environment":863,"publishedVersion":323,"revision":847,"contentType":865,"locale":26},{"sys":859},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1KytpRkztzssDPDtrYUY3O","2022-06-22T13:29:48.676Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.491Z",{"sys":864},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":866},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":868,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":869},"1391-a2","Around 80",{"metadata":871,"sys":874,"fields":885},{"tags":872,"concepts":873},[],[],{"space":875,"id":877,"type":14,"createdAt":878,"updatedAt":879,"environment":880,"publishedVersion":882,"revision":847,"contentType":883,"locale":26},{"sys":876},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1wBxm7wv4eCedjBtLswIpm","2022-06-22T13:29:48.708Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.527Z",{"sys":881},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},94,{"sys":884},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":886,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":887},"1391-a3","Around 140",80,"China's Belt and Road Initiative","How many countries have made cooperation agreements with China's Belt and Road Initiative?",[892,893,894,895],"uk 0.75","usa 0.78","rus 0.75","jpn 0.9",[897,898,529,899],"uk 0.46","usa 0.54","jpn 0.69","Around 140 countries have made cooperation agreements with China's Belt and Road Initiative.","Since it was launched in 2013, this huge Chinese-led project to expand global infrastructure has led to cooperation agreements with 70% of all countries.","Source: Belt And Road Portal","The official BRI website lists 143 countries in [the list of International Coorporations](https:\u002F\u002Feng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn\u002Flist\u002Fc\u002Fgbjg). The Fanhai International School of Finance at Fudan University in Shanghai put the number at 145 as of March 2022. We used the figure of \"around 140\" as the number has been changing and so any specific number is likely to  change.","Most people haven't yet recognized the sheer scale of this initiative, which is funding roads, railways and ports in many countries to better integrate them into the global trade of the future. The aim is to connect Europe, Asia and Africa. There are also several Latin American countries that have joined. Although most countries are on board in some way, there has been criticism of the project and China's intentions - particularly in the US - but there is no doubt it is a hugely ambitious infrastructure project.","A global mega agreement!",{"metadata":907,"sys":918,"fields":930},{"tags":908,"concepts":917},[909,912,915],{"sys":910},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":911},"climate",{"sys":913},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":914},"energy",{"sys":916},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":919,"id":921,"type":14,"createdAt":922,"updatedAt":923,"environment":924,"publishedVersion":926,"revision":927,"contentType":928,"locale":26},{"sys":920},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1wAfu51RJBKSGHQWXhSk4E","2023-05-11T12:56:11.936Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.189Z",{"sys":925},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},44,28,{"sys":929},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":931,"answers":932,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":985,"name":986,"questionText":987,"statistics":988,"veryWrongStatistics":990,"correctSentence":992,"dataSourceShortText":993,"dataSourceLinkLongText":994},"1633",[933,951,968],{"metadata":934,"sys":937,"fields":948},{"tags":935,"concepts":936},[],[],{"space":938,"id":940,"type":14,"createdAt":941,"updatedAt":942,"environment":943,"publishedVersion":927,"revision":945,"contentType":946,"locale":26},{"sys":939},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6GItPRibzuyeg2fpAXvMJj","2023-05-11T12:56:12.003Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.235Z",{"sys":944},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},25,{"sys":947},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":949,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":950},"1633-a1","34%",{"metadata":952,"sys":955,"fields":965},{"tags":953,"concepts":954},[],[],{"space":956,"id":958,"type":14,"createdAt":959,"updatedAt":960,"environment":961,"publishedVersion":927,"revision":945,"contentType":963,"locale":26},{"sys":957},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"66ojpoYbnHxOrIibPNWMzM","2023-05-11T12:56:12.044Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.283Z",{"sys":962},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":964},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":966,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":967},"1633-a2","64%",{"metadata":969,"sys":972,"fields":982},{"tags":970,"concepts":971},[],[],{"space":973,"id":975,"type":14,"createdAt":976,"updatedAt":977,"environment":978,"publishedVersion":927,"revision":945,"contentType":980,"locale":26},{"sys":974},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4g4S8wXJgiPwkX9sdizUlA","2023-05-11T12:56:12.084Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.324Z",{"sys":979},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":981},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":983,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":984},"1633-a3","94%",87,"Greener energy provider China","70% of Europeans said they were planning to switch to a more environmentally friendly energy provider to fight climate change, in 2020. What was this number in China?",[989],"usa 0.87",[991],"usa 0.4789","In 2020, 94% of people in China said they had either already switched or planned to switch to a more environmentally friendly energy provider to fight climate change.","Sources:  European Investment Bank","[1]    [European Investment Bank, 2019-20 Climate Survey](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eib.org\u002Fen\u002Fsurveys\u002Fclimate-survey\u002Fall-resources.htm)        ",{"metadata":996,"sys":1003,"fields":1014},{"tags":997,"concepts":1002},[998,1000],{"sys":999},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":914},{"sys":1001},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1004,"id":1006,"type":14,"createdAt":1007,"updatedAt":1008,"environment":1009,"publishedVersion":622,"revision":1011,"contentType":1012,"locale":26},{"sys":1005},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"KOcvhUuouR1hq1ToWmA9j","2023-06-30T09:05:27.665Z","2024-01-31T13:21:12.910Z",{"sys":1010},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},20,{"sys":1013},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":1015,"answers":1016,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":562,"name":1072,"questionText":1073,"shortQuestionText":1074,"statistics":1075,"veryWrongStatistics":1080,"correctSentence":1085,"dataSourceShortText":1086,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1087,"extendedAnswerText":1088},"1689",[1017,1036,1054],{"metadata":1018,"sys":1021,"fields":1033},{"tags":1019,"concepts":1020},[],[],{"space":1022,"id":1024,"type":14,"createdAt":1025,"updatedAt":1026,"environment":1027,"publishedVersion":1029,"revision":1030,"contentType":1031,"locale":26},{"sys":1023},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2Qf1onnhHMj26O9yvxupd4","2023-06-30T09:05:27.956Z","2024-01-26T12:43:54.030Z",{"sys":1028},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},24,17,{"sys":1032},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1034,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1035},"1689-a1","Around 52%",{"metadata":1037,"sys":1040,"fields":1051},{"tags":1038,"concepts":1039},[],[],{"space":1041,"id":1043,"type":14,"createdAt":1044,"updatedAt":1045,"environment":1046,"publishedVersion":1011,"revision":1048,"contentType":1049,"locale":26},{"sys":1042},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5euaxPAb9fKX8nWygHsGeS","2023-06-30T09:05:28.036Z","2024-01-26T12:43:54.067Z",{"sys":1047},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},16,{"sys":1050},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1052,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1053},"1689-a2","Around 64%",{"metadata":1055,"sys":1058,"fields":1069},{"tags":1056,"concepts":1057},[],[],{"space":1059,"id":1061,"type":14,"createdAt":1062,"updatedAt":1063,"environment":1064,"publishedVersion":1066,"revision":1048,"contentType":1067,"locale":26},{"sys":1060},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5azqBwXDaKc7NhfBZ0aHP5","2023-06-30T09:05:28.075Z","2024-01-26T12:43:54.104Z",{"sys":1065},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},22,{"sys":1068},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1070,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1071},"1689-a3","Around 82%","Non-fossil use","Of all energy used in the world in 2000, around 86% came from burning fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas). What is the number today?","Of all energy used in the world in 2000, about 86% came from burning fossil fuels (oil, coal and gas). What is it today?",[1076,1077,1078,1079],"uk 0.62","usa 0.65","deu 0.69","swe 0.57",[1081,1082,1083,1084],"swe 0.14","uk 0.16","usa 0.19","deu 0.21","Worldwide, around 82% of all energy used in 2022 came from fossil fuel sources.","Source: Energy Institute","\n[1]  [Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy 2023](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.energyinst.org\u002Fstatistical-review)   ","![contentful 3053](\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002FPT2MkyRK1vU423VKDlDEJ\u002Ff113ab1b7daa5cdb65960c0ded1f61a6\u002Fcontentful_3053.png)\n\nSource: [Energy Institute Statistical Review of World Energy 2023](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.energyinst.org\u002Fstatistical-review)",{"metadata":1090,"sys":1097,"fields":1109},{"tags":1091,"concepts":1096},[1092,1094],{"sys":1093},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":911},{"sys":1095},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1098,"id":1100,"type":14,"createdAt":1101,"updatedAt":1102,"environment":1103,"publishedVersion":1105,"revision":1106,"contentType":1107,"locale":26},{"sys":1099},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4d1dc68e238b3cbc4e8c30c13e66520b","2021-11-11T07:10:27.213Z","2024-05-27T14:40:02.526Z",{"sys":1104},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},349,118,{"sys":1108},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1110,"answers":1111,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":187,"name":1165,"questionText":1165,"shortQuestionText":1165,"statistics":1166,"veryWrongStatistics":1174,"correctSentence":1183,"youWereWrong":1184,"youWereRight":1185,"dataSourceShortText":1186,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1187,"extendedAnswerText":1188,"headingVeryWrong":1189,"youWereVeryWrong":1184,"headingWrong":1189},"85",[1112,1130,1147],{"metadata":1113,"sys":1116,"fields":1127},{"tags":1114,"concepts":1115},[],[],{"space":1117,"id":1119,"type":14,"createdAt":1120,"updatedAt":1121,"environment":1122,"publishedVersion":1124,"revision":846,"contentType":1125,"locale":26},{"sys":1118},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"db020aeecdac6da8d7e66cee9d492069","2021-11-11T06:55:58.052Z","2024-05-27T14:40:02.624Z",{"sys":1123},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},103,{"sys":1126},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1128,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1129},"85-a1","It decreases",{"metadata":1131,"sys":1134,"fields":1144},{"tags":1132,"concepts":1133},[],[],{"space":1135,"id":1137,"type":14,"createdAt":1138,"updatedAt":1139,"environment":1140,"publishedVersion":1124,"revision":846,"contentType":1142,"locale":26},{"sys":1136},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"9ff88596b4b0be2c36db71512038c035","2021-11-11T06:55:59.516Z","2024-05-27T14:40:02.660Z",{"sys":1141},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1143},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1145,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1146},"85-a2","It stays the same",{"metadata":1148,"sys":1151,"fields":1162},{"tags":1149,"concepts":1150},[],[],{"space":1152,"id":1154,"type":14,"createdAt":1155,"updatedAt":1156,"environment":1157,"publishedVersion":1159,"revision":828,"contentType":1160,"locale":26},{"sys":1153},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"a0a9413d453291bc540780ab4f9ef6a7","2021-11-11T06:56:01.157Z","2024-05-27T14:40:02.916Z",{"sys":1158},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},106,{"sys":1161},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1163,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1164},"85-a3","It keeps increasing","What happens to the average global temperature if we halve the annual net emissions of CO2, today?",[1167,1168,1169,1170,1171,1172,1173,523],"tur 0.84","ken 0.5437","col 0.802","pak 0.495","usa 0.63","uk 0.66","deu 0.67",[1175,1176,1177,1178,1179,1180,1181,1182],"tur 0.61","ken 0.4563","col 0.6436","pak 0.3663","usa 0.31","uk 0.29","deu 0.26","swe 0.36","If we were to halve carbon net emissions today, the temperature would still keep increasing for decades.","As long as we emit any CO2 it keeps accumulating for many years, because the natural process for removing it is super slow, and we don’t have an effective way to capture it. Therefore, the temperature would keep increasing.","They have no idea how slow the natural process is at removing CO2 from the atmosphere.","Source: IPCC ","In this question when we write \"emissions\" we mean that as \"net emissions\", which is human emissions of greenhouse gases, minus how much is removed as a result of deliberate human activities. It is a well established scientific fact that it takes many years for CO2 (carbon dioxide) to leave the atmosphere. The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most authoritative scientific collaboration about climate change and discusses the time it takes for CO2 to be removed from the atmosphere and how that affects the average global temperature on page 642-643 of the Sixth Assessment Report[1]. The image below is from page 643 of the report and shows how CO2 concentration in the atmosphere and average surface temperature are projected to change in two diffrent scenarios: one with emissions continuing to increase and another with a large cut in emissions. \n\n![IMG 4508](\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002F4YxNEqsJbWde689Yr6dVLc\u002Fa6ff7c72f53a34c02a3662378a4a3cf1\u002FIMG_4508.jpg)\n\n[1]  [IPCC - Sixth Assessment Report (page 642)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ipcc.ch\u002Freport\u002Far6\u002Fwg1\u002Fdownloads\u002Freport\u002FIPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter04.pdf) \n","The amount of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere is similar to the amount of water in a bathtub – it depends on how much flows in and how much flows out. But when it comes to CO2 in the atmosphere, the outflow is extremely small. As long as we keep adding, the amount of CO2 keeps increasing, because very little CO2 gets removed. The small amount of CO2 that disappears every year is mostly dissolved into the oceans, and over millions of years the carbon can be captured in the forming of rocks. The extremely slow natural removal of CO2 is the reason why even if we cut our emissions in half, the temperature wouldn't stop increasing for two or three decades!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nIf you don’t understand this, you can’t understand why all carbon emissions must eventually stop. Instead, you falsely believe the temperature will decline if only our emissions decline. You won’t understand why we need to stop using fossil fuels completely to stop global warming. Instead you think global warming can be stopped by using less fossil fuels. But in reality, the warming will continue as long as we use any fossil fuels.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nMost people don’t think of the atmosphere as a bathtub with CO2, but they should. Instead most people jump to the intuitive conclusion about how it works. They know that the global average temperature increased because CO2 levels increased because our emissions increased... and based on that it seems intuitive to think: if our emissions decrease, the CO2 concentration will decrease. But people wouldn’t make that mistake if they saw it as a bathtub. When a bathtub is spilling over, people realize they must turn off the water to stop the overflow. They realize that the water level doesn’t go down by just reducing the inflow. If too little water is exiting, the inflow must be turned off completely to stop the overflow.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes, it is a well established scientific fact that it takes many, many years for CO2 to leave the atmosphere. The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most authoritative scientific collaboration about climate change and discusses the time it takes for CO2 to be removed from the atmosphere and the effect that has on the average surface temperature on [page 642 of the Sixth Assessment Report.](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ipcc.ch\u002Freport\u002Far6\u002Fwg1\u002Fdownloads\u002Freport\u002FIPCC_AR6_WGI_Chapter04.pdf)\n\n### What do you mean by ‘removed from the atmosphere’?\nThis is something that at first glance might be regarded as complex, but it is only a matter of timescales. When a tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere, that carbon becomes part of that tree and is removed from the atmosphere for maybe 100 years. \n\n100 years is a long time from a human perspective but it is nothing compared to the tens of thousands and millions of years on which many geological processes operate. \n\nWhen the tree dies after 100 years, or is consumed in a forest fire before then, the carbon is released from the tree and re-enters the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. \n\nWhat we mean when we say “removed from the atmosphere” in this question, is the very slow process that requires carbon to find its way down the ocean floor and be buried there.\n","A little more, means increase",{"metadata":1191,"sys":1198,"fields":1209},{"tags":1192,"concepts":1197},[1193,1195],{"sys":1194},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":914},{"sys":1196},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1199,"id":1201,"type":14,"createdAt":1202,"updatedAt":1203,"environment":1204,"publishedVersion":1206,"revision":882,"contentType":1207,"locale":26},{"sys":1200},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"71f574f49a787821d68cfa8febe666d8","2021-11-11T07:08:20.352Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.115Z",{"sys":1205},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},198,{"sys":1208},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1210,"answers":1211,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":985,"name":1265,"questionText":1266,"statistics":1267,"veryWrongStatistics":1271,"correctSentence":1275,"youWereWrong":1276,"youWereRight":1277,"dataSourceShortText":1278,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1279,"extendedAnswerText":1280,"headingVeryWrong":1281,"youWereVeryWrong":1282,"headingWrong":1283},"59",[1212,1230,1248],{"metadata":1213,"sys":1216,"fields":1227},{"tags":1214,"concepts":1215},[],[],{"space":1217,"id":1219,"type":14,"createdAt":1220,"updatedAt":1221,"environment":1222,"publishedVersion":1224,"revision":888,"contentType":1225,"locale":26},{"sys":1218},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"13ea3cf655d6cca0623a8d49152f4cfa","2021-11-11T06:54:13.909Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.157Z",{"sys":1223},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},88,{"sys":1226},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1228,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1229},"59-a1","Reduced to less than half",{"metadata":1231,"sys":1234,"fields":1245},{"tags":1232,"concepts":1233},[],[],{"space":1235,"id":1237,"type":14,"createdAt":1238,"updatedAt":1239,"environment":1240,"publishedVersion":1242,"revision":795,"contentType":1243,"locale":26},{"sys":1236},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6e99e2a5307037f6b0b215a77f636bea","2021-11-11T06:54:15.651Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.193Z",{"sys":1241},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},92,{"sys":1244},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1246,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1247},"59-a2","Remained about the same",{"metadata":1249,"sys":1252,"fields":1262},{"tags":1250,"concepts":1251},[],[],{"space":1253,"id":1255,"type":14,"createdAt":1256,"updatedAt":1257,"environment":1258,"publishedVersion":1224,"revision":888,"contentType":1260,"locale":26},{"sys":1254},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"9059938ff158efac3a6cca04e705efe4","2021-11-11T06:54:17.317Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.226Z",{"sys":1259},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1261},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1263,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1264},"59-a3","More than doubled","During the past 40 years the amount of oil and nat","During the past 40 years the total amount of oil and natural gas in known underground reserves:",[1268,1269,1270,893],"deu 0.91","swe 0.89","uk 0.90",[1272,1273,1274,1076],"usa 0.43","deu 0.58","swe 0.63","The known reserves of oil and natural gas more than doubled during the past 40 years.","Many believe that we will run out of fossil fuels, but that isn’t the problem. We have to stop using them way before they run out.","They hadn’t realized that the amount of reserves have increased through new discoveries even as we continue to use more oil and gas.","Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy","The data we used comes from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy and it shows that known oil reserves in 2020 were 153% bigger than in 1980 and that natural gas reserves were 165% bigger in the same period. \n\nThe term \"known reserves\" we use in this question is called \"proved reserves\" in the BP data. Proved (or known) reserves are  \"those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and geological conditions.\" There are more resources that are known about but, with the current technology, don't meet the criteria of \"proved reserves\" that can actually be used.\n\nThe data isn’t perfect as companies and governments may not always want to release all the details of their known reserves. However, three independent experts we consulted about this question said they recognized BP’s data as the best available and that the doubling of known reserves during the past 40 years is correct.\n\n[1]  [Increase in oil and natural gas reserves since 1980. Data from BP Statistical Review of World Energy. Gapminder spreadsheet ](https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.google.com\u002Fspreadsheets\u002Fd\u002F1K_NBgPwCf7iupitTQeIGG8fTsoJTLr0xW0pHXKmXCxw\u002Fedit#gid=0)  \n[2]  [BP Statistical Review of World Energy](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bp.com\u002Fen\u002Fglobal\u002Fcorporate\u002Fenergy-economics\u002Fstatistical-review-of-world-energy\u002Fdownloads.html)  \n[3]  [Our World In Data - “How long before we run out of fossil fuels?”](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhow-long-before-we-run-out-of-fossil-fuels)\n[4]  We consulted three independent experts for this question, including Paul Behrens of Leiden University.","\nYou may have thought we will need to switch to renewable energy sources when fossil fuel reserves run low. History has shown us, though, that as technology has improved, more oil and gas reserves have been found and pumped out of the ground.\n\nTo prevent the absolute worst effects of climate change, oil and gas reserves must stay in the ground. They will never run out, just become more expensive to extract, and if we continue to burn them as we have been, scientists predict catastrophic climate change. \n\nAs oil and gas becomes harder to get to and renewable sources become more commonly used, it will make more financial sense to leave fossil fuels in the ground to switch to cleaner, renewable sources instead. We just need to do it more quickly!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nThinking we will simply switch to renewable energy sources when fossil fuels run low is hugely naive. To avoid the worst impacts of climate change, fossil fuel reserves need to be left in the ground. \n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey think that as we use more oil and gas, the reserves will run lower. They hadn’t realized that as technology improves, it becomes more possible to find and extract fossil fuels.\n\n### Can I trust the data?\nYes. The data we used comes from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy and it shows that known oil reserves in 2020 were 153% bigger than in 1980 and that natural gas reserves were 265% bigger in the same period. \n\nThe term \"known reserves\" we use in this question is called \"proved reserves\" in the BP data. Proved (or known) reserves are \"those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and geological conditions.\" There are more resources that are known about but, with the current technology, don't meet the criteria of \"proved reserves\" that can actually be used.\n\nThe data isn’t perfect as companies and governments may not always want to release all the details of their known reserves. However, three independent experts we consulted about this question said they recognized BP’s data as the best available and that the doubling of known reserves during the past 40 years is correct.\n","The Stone Agers didn’t run out of stones","It’s intuitive to think the known reserves declined as we used more fossil fuels, but they actually increased as we discovered more reserves.","We discovered more than we used",{"metadata":1285,"sys":1292,"fields":1303},{"tags":1286,"concepts":1291},[1287,1289],{"sys":1288},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":914},{"sys":1290},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1293,"id":1295,"type":14,"createdAt":1296,"updatedAt":1297,"environment":1298,"publishedVersion":882,"revision":1300,"contentType":1301,"locale":26},{"sys":1294},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5xEVSC1ainzTMtrAWGUZR1","2023-06-30T12:23:43.864Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.414Z",{"sys":1299},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},39,{"sys":1302},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":1304,"answers":1305,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":1358,"name":1359,"questionText":1360,"statistics":1361,"veryWrongStatistics":1370,"correctSentence":1376,"dataSourceShortText":1377,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1378},"1691",[1306,1323,1341],{"metadata":1307,"sys":1310,"fields":1320},{"tags":1308,"concepts":1309},[],[],{"space":1311,"id":1313,"type":14,"createdAt":1314,"updatedAt":1315,"environment":1316,"publishedVersion":1300,"revision":664,"contentType":1318,"locale":26},{"sys":1312},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4L0KLKCMzdiagA0md6VsSI","2023-06-30T12:23:43.975Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.460Z",{"sys":1317},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1319},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1321,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1322},"1691-a1","Around 20%",{"metadata":1324,"sys":1327,"fields":1338},{"tags":1325,"concepts":1326},[],[],{"space":1328,"id":1330,"type":14,"createdAt":1331,"updatedAt":1332,"environment":1333,"publishedVersion":1335,"revision":664,"contentType":1336,"locale":26},{"sys":1329},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"BRsyUG9ruwfUKadqDyMoH","2023-06-30T12:23:44.046Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.495Z",{"sys":1334},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},38,{"sys":1337},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1339,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1340},"1691-a2","Around 50%",{"metadata":1342,"sys":1345,"fields":1355},{"tags":1343,"concepts":1344},[],[],{"space":1346,"id":1348,"type":14,"createdAt":1349,"updatedAt":1350,"environment":1351,"publishedVersion":1300,"revision":664,"contentType":1353,"locale":26},{"sys":1347},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1MWOzn9YSQ9j5wtpoqvs7S","2023-06-30T12:23:44.348Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.533Z",{"sys":1352},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1354},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1356,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1357},"1691-a3","Around 80%",75,"Electricity as share of energy","Of all energy used in the world, what share is electricity?",[1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369],"pak 0.7425","col 0.8614","ken 0.7087","tur 0.81","swe 0.66","uk 0.71","usa 0.73","deu 0.79",[1371,1372,1168,1373,228,1374,539,1375],"pak 0.3465","col 0.5446","tur 0.27","uk 0.21","deu 0.24","Worldwide, around 20% of all the energy used is electricity from power plants.","Source: IEA","[1]  [IEA – Total final consumption by source ](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iea.org\u002Fdata-and-statistics\u002Fdata-tools\u002Fenergy-statistics-data-browser?country=WORLD&fuel=Energy%20consumption&indicator=TFCbySource)     ",{"metadata":1380,"sys":1383,"fields":1393},{"tags":1381,"concepts":1382},[],[],{"space":1384,"id":1386,"type":14,"createdAt":1387,"updatedAt":1387,"environment":1388,"publishedVersion":1390,"revision":21,"contentType":1391,"locale":26},{"sys":1385},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"208WuFuWee6UexDwm8mltP","2023-11-13T15:19:47.668Z",{"sys":1389},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},3,{"sys":1392},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":67},{"globalId":1394,"heading":1395,"slug":1396,"questions":1397},"egn_global_cert","EGN Global Certificate","egn-global-cert",[72,246,426,550,633,719,810,906,995,1089,1190,1284],{"metadata":1399,"sys":1402,"fields":1412},{"tags":1400,"concepts":1401},[],[],{"space":1403,"id":1405,"type":1406,"createdAt":1407,"updatedAt":1408,"environment":1409,"publishedVersion":1411,"revision":1390,"locale":26},{"sys":1404},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"SEwDOGhEGfCkHZpiucdvx","Asset","2023-03-16T14:56:42.593Z","2023-11-13T15:13:38.948Z",{"sys":1410},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},10,{"title":1413,"description":1414,"file":1415},"Glob VIT","",{"url":1416,"details":1417,"fileName":1422,"contentType":1423},"\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002FSEwDOGhEGfCkHZpiucdvx\u002F9b0ede11503332b0ef16ee9fa0ff0c07\u002FGlob_VIT.png",{"size":1418,"image":1419},27525,{"width":1420,"height":1421},816,806,"Glob_VIT.png","image\u002Fpng","cover","UN Goals"]