[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"event:code:ljc-24:en-US":3},{"metadata":4,"sys":7,"fields":27},{"tags":5,"concepts":6},[],[],{"space":8,"id":13,"type":14,"createdAt":15,"updatedAt":15,"environment":16,"publishedVersion":20,"revision":21,"contentType":22,"locale":26},{"sys":9},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"Link","Space","ghhpjogyw4x7","6rn0we1yGpTj9SxO1MOIn8","Entry","2023-12-13T10:55:26.888Z",{"sys":17},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},"master","Environment",5,1,{"sys":23},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":25},"ContentType","event","en-US",{"code":28,"eventName":29,"date":30,"confidential":31,"topic":32},"ljc-24","Lithuanian Journalism Centre 2024","2024-01-10T00:00+01:00",true,{"metadata":33,"sys":36,"fields":47},{"tags":34,"concepts":35},[],[],{"space":37,"id":39,"type":14,"createdAt":40,"updatedAt":40,"environment":41,"publishedVersion":43,"revision":21,"contentType":44,"locale":26},{"sys":38},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2kLyTNNh0NWeJnwgd0Jsop","2023-12-13T10:54:35.061Z",{"sys":42},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},8,{"sys":45},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":46},"topic",{"isHidden":31,"globalId":48,"name":49,"slug":50,"aboutButtonText":51,"tests":52,"diplomaTest":1783,"icon":1802,"iconDisplayType":1827,"topicCategory":1828},"lithuanian_journalism_centre","Lithuanian Journalism Centre","lithuanian-journalism-centre","About this lesson",[53],{"metadata":54,"sys":57,"fields":68},{"tags":55,"concepts":56},[],[],{"space":58,"id":60,"type":14,"createdAt":61,"updatedAt":61,"environment":62,"publishedVersion":64,"revision":21,"contentType":65,"locale":26},{"sys":59},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"mtZ20VtcbVC0Ax0Hu5ouB","2023-12-13T10:54:35.166Z",{"sys":63},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},6,{"sys":66},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":67},"test",{"globalId":69,"slug":70,"questions":71},"ljc_test","ljc-test",[72,260,426,550,633,719,809,905,994,1089,1185,1331,1480,1564,1657],{"metadata":73,"sys":83,"fields":96},{"tags":74,"concepts":82},[75,79],{"sys":76},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},"Tag","global",{"sys":80},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":81},"work",[],{"space":84,"id":86,"type":14,"createdAt":87,"updatedAt":88,"environment":89,"publishedVersion":91,"revision":92,"contentType":93,"locale":26},{"sys":85},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"30299f092a52e74df8d457df05372ea9","2021-11-11T07:17:16.072Z","2026-07-27T07:43:19.007Z",{"sys":90},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},379,159,{"sys":94},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},"question",{"globalId":97,"answers":98,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":154,"ruleOfThumbs":155,"name":176,"questionText":177,"statistics":178,"veryWrongStatistics":213,"correctSentence":253,"youWereWrong":254,"youWereRight":255,"dataSourceShortText":256,"dataSourceLinkLongText":257,"extendedAnswerText":258,"headingVeryWrong":259,"youWereVeryWrong":254,"headingWrong":259},"11",[99,120,137],{"metadata":100,"sys":103,"fields":116},{"tags":101,"concepts":102},[],[],{"space":104,"id":106,"type":14,"createdAt":107,"updatedAt":108,"environment":109,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":113,"locale":26},{"sys":105},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"62e35ee9d3c5e051f83ed8b0756baa19","2021-11-11T07:17:16.122Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.352Z",{"sys":110},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},153,140,{"sys":114},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},"answer",{"globalId":117,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":119},"11-a1",false,"Around 9%",{"metadata":121,"sys":124,"fields":134},{"tags":122,"concepts":123},[],[],{"space":125,"id":127,"type":14,"createdAt":128,"updatedAt":129,"environment":130,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":132,"locale":26},{"sys":126},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"9f0f860cd8afbfce5631861363f9f675","2021-11-11T07:17:16.152Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.388Z",{"sys":131},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":133},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":135,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":136},"11-a2","Around 37%",{"metadata":138,"sys":141,"fields":151},{"tags":139,"concepts":140},[],[],{"space":142,"id":144,"type":14,"createdAt":145,"updatedAt":146,"environment":147,"publishedVersion":111,"revision":112,"contentType":149,"locale":26},{"sys":143},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"af0c20513d765e5133c17caa2701008e","2021-11-11T07:17:16.184Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.421Z",{"sys":148},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":150},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":152,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":153},"11-a3","Around 61%",93,[156],{"metadata":157,"sys":160,"fields":173},{"tags":158,"concepts":159},[],[],{"space":161,"id":163,"type":14,"createdAt":164,"updatedAt":165,"environment":166,"publishedVersion":168,"revision":169,"contentType":170,"locale":26},{"sys":162},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5oD2GcWuDmOUjo2lN1ICff","2020-06-15T15:59:05.131Z","2026-01-22T09:12:02.442Z",{"sys":167},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},135,133,{"sys":171},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":172},"ruleOfThumb",{"header":174,"body":175}," Divide","Amounts and rates can tell very different stories. Rates are more meaningful, especially when comparing between different-sized groups. In particular, look for rates per person when comparing between countries or regions.","In 1990, 58% of the world's population lived in lo","In 1990, 58% of the world's population lived in low-income countries. What is the share today?",[179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,208,209,210,211,212],"uk 0.9512","nor 0.95958059745637","fin 0.984133284697456","dnk 0.950868237803684","are 0.839","arg 0.947","aus 0.953","bel 0.965","bra 0.939","can 0.955","chn 0.855","col 0.97","deu 0.969","egy 0.909","esp 0.903","fra 0.948","hun 0.972","idn 0.944","ita 0.897","jor 0.907","jpn 0.941","kor 0.919","mar 0.931","mex 0.966","mys 0.91","per 0.911","pol 0.947","rou 0.955","rus 0.967","sau 0.828","sgp 0.892","swe 0.929","tur 0.876","usa 0.956",[214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252],"uk 0.5567","usa 0.5692","arg 0.556","aus 0.5275","bel 0.6008","bra 0.5370","can 0.5934","chn 0.1258","fra 0.5112","deu 0.5877","hun 0.5920","idn 0.3253","ita 0.4055","jpn 0.4548","mex 0.5250","pol 0.3573","rus 0.5154","sau 0.2774","sgp 0.3022","kor 0.2735","esp 0.5003","swe 0.4256","tur 0.4562","mys 0.2975","egy 0.4371","are 0.3234","col 0.54","rou 0.4331","per 0.3770","jor 0.5071","mar 0.4382","dnk 0.5","fin 0.56","nor 0.47","zaf 0.48","ind 0.26","pak 0.48","nga 0.62","phl 0.39","Today, only 9% of people live in low-income countries.","Many think that low-income countries are still many. Most people don’t realize that AVERAGE incomes have increased a lot, even in countries where many still live in poverty.","Many think that low-income countries are still many. They don’t realize that AVERAGE incomes have increased a lot in countries where many still live in poverty.","Sources: World Bank & UN","This is based on the World Bank’s definition[1] of low-income countries based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Countries belong to the group if their income falls below a specific threshold, which increases slightly over the years, almost keeping pace with the inflation of the US dollar.\n\nIn 1990, there were 53 countries below the threshold which was then $610. The total population of those countries was 3.1 billion, which was 58% of the world population of 5.3 billion, based on the population estimates from the UN Population Division[2]. In 2025, the threshold for being labeled as a low-income country had risen to $1,175 or less or less [3] when only 25 countries had average incomes below that, and their combined population was 0.7 billion people, which is 9% of the world population of 8 billion. \n\nThere were 53 countries that were low-income in 1990. Today there are 25. Many countries have moved to a higher income but some dropped down to low-income from previously being middle-income countries (including Yemen and Syria).\n\nThe unit used for these GNI numbers is US Dollars converted from national currencies with the so-called Atlas method [4], which uses the average exchange rate of the three recent years. This method of converting currencies doesn’t account for price differences and purchasing power differences between countries. And national averages don’t express the income inequalities within countries which have been increasing in all these countries, as the income growth has been very unevenly distributed among the population. No matter what, a majority of people today have higher incomes than the majority in these countries had in 1990[5].\n\n[1]  [Classifying countries by income, the World Bank](https:\u002F\u002Fdatatopics.worldbank.org\u002Fworld-development-indicators\u002Fstories\u002Fthe-classification-of-countries-by-income.html)  \n[2]  [UN World Population Prospects](https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002F)  \n[3]  [A closer look at the 2026-2027 release of the World Bank Group Country Income Classifications](https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.worldbank.org\u002Fen\u002Fopendata\u002Fwho-moves-up-and-why--a-closer-look-at-the-new-world-bank-group-)  \n[4]  [World Bank Atlas Method](https:\u002F\u002Fdatahelpdesk.worldbank.org\u002Fknowledgebase\u002Farticles\u002F378832-what-is-the-world-bank-atlas-method)  \n[5]  [Gapminder Income Mountains](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ffw\u002Fincome-mountains\u002F)\n[6]  [Gapminder calculations using World Bank data](https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.google.com\u002Fspreadsheets\u002Fd\u002F13HtgT-G1yM04Hn6e4t8Hgvip4K2nNdQm2n77izcacKY\u002Fedit?gid=0#gid=0) ","For most companies in most industries, global competition intensified during the past 30 years because of something that most of them couldn’t anticipate, and still haven’t fully realized. \n\nThe majority of the world’s population moved from living in low-income countries to middle-income countries. Not by moving to a different country. They moved their country average by becoming richer.\n\nMany people in used-to-be-low-income countries started manufacturing products and made money by successfully competing on the global markets, instead of being small-scale farmers like their parents used to be. They increased their incomes and thereby pushed up the average income per person to the point where their countries were reclassified as middle-income countries. And it wasn’t just China, it happened in many big countries like India, Nigeria, Colombia, Indonesia, Brazil and Bangladesh. \n\nBut even if the majority in these countries got richer, not everyone living there did. Today these new middle-income countries are still home to roughly half of the world’s extremely poor, living on less than $2\u002Fday.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nIf people have an outdated view that the world hasn’t improved at all and that it is still only divided by rich and poor, they miss so many opportunities to travel, study, move and do business.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nSlow positive changes don’t show up in the media, so it is easy to lose track of how countries have progressed. We are left with what we learned in school or what is passed on to us by our parents, which is often out of date.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes. It is based on the World Bank’s definition of low-income countries based on their Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. Countries belong to the group if their income falls below a specific threshold, which increases slightly over the years, almost keeping pace with the inflation of the US dollar.\n\nIn 1990, there were 53 countries below the threshold which was then $610. The total population of those countries was 3.1 billion, which was 58% of the world population of 5.3 billion, based on the population estimates from the UN Population Division[2]. In 2025, the threshold for being labeled as a low-income country had risen to $1,175 [3] when only 26 countries had average incomes below that, and their combined population was 0.7 billion people, which is 9% of the world population of 8 billion. \n\nThe definition of extreme poverty does not vary between countries. It was increased to $3 per person per day from $1,90, and is the same everywhere.\n\nThe unit used for these GNI numbers is US Dollars converted from national currencies with the so-called Atlas method, which uses the average exchange rate of the three recent years. This method of converting currencies doesn’t account for price differences and purchasing power differences, between countries. And national averages don’t express the income inequalities within countries which have been increasing in all these countries, as the income growth has been very unevenly distributed among the population. No matter what, a majority of people today have higher incomes than the majority in these countries had in 1990.\n\n### Discover more\nIn the [World Health Chart](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fwhc) you can see the amazing improvements in health and incomes for all countries over the last 200 years, showing country averages. But average incomes hide inequalities. The income differences are still wide in most of these countries, which is visible when looking at the [income distributions over time](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ffw\u002Fincome-mountains\u002F). \n\nWhile statistics can help us see the big patterns that most people are unaware of, they don’t let us see what the reality behind the data looks like. To fully understand how much better life is today for many people in middle-income countries, and to see what life looks like in extreme poverty there, visit [Dollar Street](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street) \n","More are richer now",{"metadata":261,"sys":269,"fields":281},{"tags":262,"concepts":268},[263,265],{"sys":264},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":266},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":267},"poverty",[],{"space":270,"id":272,"type":14,"createdAt":273,"updatedAt":274,"environment":275,"publishedVersion":277,"revision":278,"contentType":279,"locale":26},{"sys":271},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"19b6a3c90ff55351bf64c7e50a62a843","2021-11-11T07:17:14.853Z","2026-09-17T09:31:55.063Z",{"sys":276},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},216,72,{"sys":280},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":282,"answers":283,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":337,"ruleOfThumbs":338,"name":376,"questionText":377,"shortQuestionText":378,"statistics":379,"veryWrongStatistics":400,"correctSentence":419,"youWereWrong":420,"youWereRight":421,"dataSourceShortText":422,"dataSourceLinkLongText":423,"extendedAnswerText":424,"headingVeryWrong":425,"youWereVeryWrong":420,"headingWrong":425},"4",[284,303,320],{"metadata":285,"sys":288,"fields":300},{"tags":286,"concepts":287},[],[],{"space":289,"id":291,"type":14,"createdAt":292,"updatedAt":293,"environment":294,"publishedVersion":296,"revision":297,"contentType":298,"locale":26},{"sys":290},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"8bc3d60b61ce46c9145451ebb3792324","2021-11-11T07:17:15.002Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.740Z",{"sys":295},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},58,53,{"sys":299},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":301,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":302},"4-a1","Less than 1%",{"metadata":304,"sys":307,"fields":317},{"tags":305,"concepts":306},[],[],{"space":308,"id":310,"type":14,"createdAt":311,"updatedAt":312,"environment":313,"publishedVersion":296,"revision":297,"contentType":315,"locale":26},{"sys":309},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"ddd3e1a14fc7ab9df5a949481a0ebc6c","2021-11-11T07:17:15.072Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.776Z",{"sys":314},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":316},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":318,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":319},"4-a2","Around 11%",{"metadata":321,"sys":324,"fields":334},{"tags":322,"concepts":323},[],[],{"space":325,"id":327,"type":14,"createdAt":328,"updatedAt":329,"environment":330,"publishedVersion":296,"revision":297,"contentType":332,"locale":26},{"sys":326},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7ed46ca1c4a47696c953a179614b0b64","2021-11-11T07:17:15.102Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.808Z",{"sys":331},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":333},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":335,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":336},"4-a3","Around 21%",77,[339,357],{"metadata":340,"sys":343,"fields":354},{"tags":341,"concepts":342},[],[],{"space":344,"id":346,"type":14,"createdAt":347,"updatedAt":348,"environment":349,"publishedVersion":351,"revision":297,"contentType":352,"locale":26},{"sys":345},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7v1cBq5FLbj83DhyZ7y0LW","2020-06-15T15:52:40.447Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.826Z",{"sys":350},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},57,{"sys":353},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":172},{"header":355,"body":356}," Keep track of gradual improvements","A small change every year can mean a huge change over the decades.",{"metadata":358,"sys":361,"fields":373},{"tags":359,"concepts":360},[],[],{"space":362,"id":364,"type":14,"createdAt":365,"updatedAt":366,"environment":367,"publishedVersion":369,"revision":370,"contentType":371,"locale":26},{"sys":363},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1pPwdgxXko3AQd209j7Zs3","2020-06-15T15:54:38.970Z","2025-01-22T13:44:10.846Z",{"sys":368},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},67,64,{"sys":372},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":172},{"header":374,"body":375}," Better and bad","Practice distinguishing between a level (e.g., bad) and a direction of change (e.g., better). Convince yourself that things can be both better and bad.","What share of the population in high-income countr","What share of the population in high-income countries (like Germany and the USA) live in extreme poverty (with less than $3\u002Fday)?","What share of people in high-income countries (eg. Germany and the USA) live in extreme poverty (with less than $3\u002Fday)?",[380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399],"swe 0.733028593765909","nor 0.789128660159712","fin 0.70841928719084","dnk 0.7926176536279861","gbr 0.8127","phl 0.72","nga 0.73","pak 0.66","ind 0.58","zaf 0.71","mar 0.68","mys 0.63","esp 0.82","rus 0.64","mex 0.8","jpn 0.75","deu 0.82","fra 0.89","bra 0.58","usa 0.74",[401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,249,417,418,252],"gbr 0.42","usa 0.36","bra 0.23","fra 0.33","deu 0.39","jpn 0.37","mex 0.44","rus 0.27","esp 0.43","swe 0.19","mys 0.28","mar 0.32","dnk 0.26","fin 0.21","nor 0.26","zaf 0.28","pak 0.26","nga 0.29","Less than 1% of people in high-income countries live in extreme poverty, with less than $3\u002Fday.","Many think the poor in rich countries are much poorer than they actually are. Their suffering is undefendable, but almost no poor people in rich countries have to sleep on mud floors with their starving children.","Many think the poor in rich countries are much poorer than they actually are. The poverty they see in rich countries is so undefendable that they probably assume it’s the worst kind of poverty.","Source: World Bank","The World Bank[1] estimates that in 2023 roughly 0.6% of all people in high-income countries lived on less than $3 a day. The dollar level is adjusted for differences in prices and costs of living, by using the Purchasing Power Parity of 2021 international dollars.\nThe group called high-income countries in 2023 were those who had a gross national income (GNI) per capita above $14,005 or more, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method[2]. Around 85 countries from around the world are in this category, including most countries in Europe.\nThe incomes of people in different high-income countries are made comparable in the Luxembourg Income Study database[3].\nPlease note that this question asks about the international extreme poverty rate, which uses an absolute poverty line of 3 $\u002Fday. This is different from the national poverty lines which vary across countries and are used to determine who is eligible for social welfare programs in each country. In many high-income countries the national poverty lines are around 20 times higher than the international line of extreme poverty[4].\n\n[1]  [World Bank Povcal](https:\u002F\u002Fpip.worldbank.org\u002Fpoverty-calculator)   \n[2]  [World Bank income groups](https:\u002F\u002Fdatahelpdesk.worldbank.org\u002Fknowledgebase\u002Farticles\u002F906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups)  \n[3]  [Luxembourg Income Study database](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lisdatacenter.org\u002Four-data\u002Flis-database\u002F)  \n[4]  [A richer array of international poverty lines, the World Bank, FRANCISCO FERREIRA & CAROLINA SÁNCHEZ-PÁRAMO, OCTOBER 13, 2017](http:\u002F\u002Fblogs.worldbank.org\u002Fdevelopmenttalk\u002Fricher-array-international-poverty-lines)  ","Being poor in rich countries is a terrible experience that too many families have to deal with on a daily basis. They suffer from exclusion and lack opportunities that others around them have. The solution to their suffering is often within reach of the country they live in if only resources and opportunities were more fairly shared.\n\nThe definitions of poverty in high-income countries are often used to determine who has the right to welfare programs. The definitions of poverty are different in different countries but they are often in the range of $10 to $30 per person per day. \n\nThe definition of extreme poverty does not vary between countries. It’s always less than $3 a day. Today, less than 10% of the world’s population live in extreme poverty, which in reality means they often don’t have enough food, water, electricity, housing and healthcare. Roughly half of them live in middle-income countries, and the rest live in low-income countries. Almost none of them live in high-income countries.\n\nTo see life on different incomes all over the World, check out  [Dollar Street.](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street\u002F) \n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nIt shows that people don’t know just how poor people in extreme poverty really are. These people are not just poor, they can’t afford enough to eat and don’t have many other basics the rest of us take for granted. When we think their numbers are so huge, we think it is not possible to help them all.\n\nPoverty in high-income countries is real and people suffer, but it is different. If they have the right policies in place, high-income countries can solve issues with exclusion and inequality themselves. For those in extreme poverty, their countries often have bigger structural problems that need to be fixed.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey see people who are very poor even in the richest countries and think they meet the criteria of extreme poverty. It probably comes from the wish to not trivialize suffering, but it is not factual.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes, but it is important to understand what both extreme poverty and high-income countries actually are.\n\nThe World Bank estimates that in 2023 roughly 0.6% of all people in high-income countries lived on less than $3 a day (extreme poverty). The dollar level is adjusted for differences in prices and costs of living, by using the Purchasing Power Parity of 2021 international dollars.\n\nThe group called high-income countries are those in 2023 who had a gross national income (GNI) per capita above $14,005, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method. Around 85 countries from around the world are in this category, including most countries in Europe. The incomes of people in different high-income countries are made comparable in the Luxembourg Income Study database.\n\nPlease note that this question asks about the international extreme poverty rate, which uses an absolute poverty line of $3 per day. This is different from the national poverty lines which vary across countries and are used to determine who is eligible for social welfare programs in each country. In many high-income countries the national poverty lines are around 20 times higher than the international line of extreme poverty.\n","Extremely few are extremely poor in rich countries",{"metadata":427,"sys":435,"fields":447},{"tags":428,"concepts":434},[429,431],{"sys":430},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":432},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":433},"health",[],{"space":436,"id":438,"type":14,"createdAt":439,"updatedAt":440,"environment":441,"publishedVersion":443,"revision":444,"contentType":445,"locale":26},{"sys":437},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"230533e75d32917d3d895acfb0b8be3c","2021-11-11T07:06:46.227Z","2025-03-27T13:02:37.038Z",{"sys":442},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},264,148,{"sys":446},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":448,"answers":449,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":502,"name":503,"questionText":504,"statistics":505,"veryWrongStatistics":524,"correctSentence":543,"youWereWrong":544,"youWereRight":545,"dataSourceShortText":546,"dataSourceLinkLongText":547,"extendedAnswerText":548,"headingVeryWrong":549,"youWereVeryWrong":544,"headingWrong":549},"32",[450,468,485],{"metadata":451,"sys":454,"fields":465},{"tags":452,"concepts":453},[],[],{"space":455,"id":457,"type":14,"createdAt":458,"updatedAt":459,"environment":460,"publishedVersion":112,"revision":462,"contentType":463,"locale":26},{"sys":456},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4d89222c6af61ff00cc8956f039d4f54","2021-11-11T06:52:02.728Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.413Z",{"sys":461},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},134,{"sys":464},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":466,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":467},"32-a1","Low-income countries",{"metadata":469,"sys":472,"fields":482},{"tags":470,"concepts":471},[],[],{"space":473,"id":475,"type":14,"createdAt":476,"updatedAt":477,"environment":478,"publishedVersion":112,"revision":462,"contentType":480,"locale":26},{"sys":474},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"05c91398c4f00a262052de816e6a0bf1","2021-11-11T06:52:04.283Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.448Z",{"sys":479},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":481},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":483,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":484},"32-a2","Middle-income countries",{"metadata":486,"sys":489,"fields":499},{"tags":487,"concepts":488},[],[],{"space":490,"id":492,"type":14,"createdAt":493,"updatedAt":494,"environment":495,"publishedVersion":112,"revision":462,"contentType":497,"locale":26},{"sys":491},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"18778d68d4b4d604a81cac6a927289e1","2021-11-11T06:52:06.047Z","2025-01-22T13:44:11.483Z",{"sys":496},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":498},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":500,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":501},"32-a3","High-income countries",69,"In which countries are people on average least sat","In which countries are people on average least satisfied with their lives?",[506,507,508,509,510,511,512,513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520,521,522,523],"bra 0.53","fra 0.69","jpn 0.76","mex 0.58","rus 0.91","esp 0.71","mys 0.75","mar 0.7","zaf 0.69","ind 0.74","pak 0.68","nga 0.59","phl 0.66","prt 0.7671","usa 0.60","uk 0.63","deu 0.66","swe 0.71",[525,526,527,528,529,530,531,532,533,534,535,536,537,538,539,540,541,542],"bra 0.31","fra 0.37","jpn 0.32","mex 0.29","rus 0.47","esp 0.41","mys 0.31","mar 0.36","zaf 0.34","ind 0.22","pak 0.27","nga 0.28","phl 0.35","prt 0.41","usa 0.27","uk 0.3","deu 0.34","swe 0.39","On average, people in richer countries report higher life satisfaction than those in poorer countries.","There are unhappy people on all incomes but, generally, in richer countries there are fewer of them, on average.","They don’t realize that richer people on average are less unhappy.","Multiple sources","There are many ways to measure happiness and it is a difficult thing to measure because it is a temporary feeling and also somewhat subjective. Our World in Data has looked at multiple sources and measures[1]. \n\nPerhaps the best way is the “cantril ladder question”, where people are asked where they feel they are on a ladder from 0 to 10, where 10 is the best possible life and 0 is the worst possible life for them. This is used in many surveys, for example in the Gallup World Poll which is used in the World Happiness report[2]. \n\nA slightly different format is used in two other surveys. In the World Value Survey[3] people are asked if they are very happy, quite happy, not very happy, or not happy at all. In the European Commission’s Eurobarometer[4] people are asked if they are very satisfied, fairly satisfied, not very satisfied or not at all satisfied with life. \n\nAsking about life satisfaction and happiness is not exactly the same thing, as self-reported happiness has both an experiential and emotional side. However, there is some crossover between the two types of questions and both give similar results in terms of people in richer countries having both higher life satisfaction and happiness. \n\n[1]  [Happiness and life satisfaction - Our World in Data](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction#mis-perceptions-about-others-happiness)  \n[2]  [World Happiness Report](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gallup.com\u002Fanalytics\u002F349487\u002Fworld-happiness-report.aspx?utm_source=public_sector&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=world_happiness_report_march_3_non_download_03272025&utm_term=information&utm_content=download_report_cta_1&thank-you-report-form=1)  \n[3]  [The World Values Survey (WVS)](http:\u002F\u002Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org\u002FWVSEVSjoint2017.jsp)  \n[4]  [European Commission – Eurobarometer Interactive](https:\u002F\u002Fec.europa.eu\u002Fcommfrontoffice\u002Fpublicopinion\u002Findex.cfm\u002FChart\u002FgetChart\u002FthemeKy\u002F1\u002FgroupKy\u002F1)","It’s very difficult to measure happiness. Psychologists have tested many different ways to phrase the questions and found that different individuals interpret “happiness” in different ways. The numbers are not exact, but still the pattern is clear in the two largest international studies: average happiness and well-being is higher in richer countries and among richer people. (If you doubt this, see the results from the international comparisons [here](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction)).\n\n### Does this mean that average happiness increases if average income increases?\nNO! This does NOT mean that GDP growth leads to happiness! \nLook at [this graph](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fgrapher\u002Fgdp-vs-happiness?time=2005..latest&country=BLR~BWA~EGY~IND~IRN~LAO~MYS~RWA~ZAF~TZA~TKM~VNM~ZMB) for example, showing some countries where the average income increased over the past 15 years, while the average happiness went down. \n\n![Screenshot 2022-05-10 at 10.53.17](\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002F56m7tYTe9KsrsdHswEGfUD\u002Fe05f36c762ef39ea0a11649041311dcb\u002FScreenshot_2022-05-10_at_10.53.17.png)\n\nIt’s often the case that average income increases because a small group of people get richer. That doesn’t make the rest of the population happier. Quite the opposite. If the majority experiences worsening living conditions, the average happiness declines. In other countries, the average income and happiness have increased at the same time.\n\n### Are you trying to say that rich people will get happier if they get richer?\nNO! This doesn’t mean that the average person in high-income countries will become less unhappy by getting richer. If you really want glasses but you can’t afford them, that keeps you unhappy. When you get your first pair of glasses, that will make you much happier, but a second pair won’t make you much happier. In high-income countries almost everyone who needs glasses has them already. A majority of citizens have all their basic human needs met, like: food, housing, healthcare, safety and glasses. When those needs are satisfied, having more of those physical things will not reduce unhappiness much.\n\n### Why are people in middle- and low-income countries less happy?\nThere are many circumstances that are very individual, but on a high level, many people still have many of their basic physical needs unsatisfied. That, and other circumstances like violence and lack of freedom, explain why poorer people are less satisfied with their lives, on average. But again, that is only an average. Some people manage to be extremely happy with very little material resources, and some are totally miserable even after becoming billionaires. In all societies there are enormous individual differences.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about others’ happiness?\nIf you think that people are less happy in richer countries you won’t realize why billions of people on lower incomes are doing everything they can to get richer: they still have many basic needs that are unmet. You will realize this by looking at people’s homes across the world on all different income levels on [Dollar Street](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street).\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nIn the media we often hear about the lives of celebrities with unimaginable amounts of money, and how they are not happy. The poor seldom get space to talk about their feelings. This leads to a skewed view of who is most unhappy.  \n\n### Resources\n[Our World in Data](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhappiness-and-life-satisfaction#the-link-across-countries)\n\n[World Happiness Report 2025](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gallup.com\u002Fanalytics\u002F349487\u002Fworld-happiness-report.aspx?utm_source=public_sector&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=world_happiness_report_march_3_non_download_03272025&utm_term=information&utm_content=download_report_cta_1&thank-you-report-form=1)\n\nVisit [homes of the poorest](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street\u002F?max=60&topic=homes) to see what everyday life is like when you struggle to have your basic needs met on a daily basis. \n","Many rich are unhappy, but...",{"metadata":551,"sys":554,"fields":566},{"tags":552,"concepts":553},[],[],{"space":555,"id":557,"type":14,"createdAt":558,"updatedAt":559,"environment":560,"publishedVersion":562,"revision":563,"contentType":564,"locale":26},{"sys":556},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5dJ6n2eVwxtjsR7XmoLO13","2023-05-02T10:32:35.509Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.599Z",{"sys":561},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},63,31,{"sys":565},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":567,"answers":568,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":622,"name":623,"questionText":624,"statistics":625,"veryWrongStatistics":627,"correctSentence":629,"dataSourceShortText":630,"dataSourceLinkLongText":631,"extendedAnswerText":632},"1613",[569,588,605],{"metadata":570,"sys":573,"fields":585},{"tags":571,"concepts":572},[],[],{"space":574,"id":576,"type":14,"createdAt":577,"updatedAt":578,"environment":579,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":583,"locale":26},{"sys":575},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"eEwhey9gIsqn4CmHQlUjp","2023-05-02T10:08:55.618Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.642Z",{"sys":580},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},34,30,{"sys":584},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":586,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":587},"1613-a1","Cancer",{"metadata":589,"sys":592,"fields":602},{"tags":590,"concepts":591},[],[],{"space":593,"id":595,"type":14,"createdAt":596,"updatedAt":597,"environment":598,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":600,"locale":26},{"sys":594},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4G1XKmCsYRH0rCMm2IFUEE","2023-05-02T10:09:11.951Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.680Z",{"sys":599},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":601},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":603,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":604},"1613-a2","Heart disease and strokes",{"metadata":606,"sys":609,"fields":619},{"tags":607,"concepts":608},[],[],{"space":610,"id":612,"type":14,"createdAt":613,"updatedAt":614,"environment":615,"publishedVersion":581,"revision":582,"contentType":617,"locale":26},{"sys":611},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4amVZe7dgo0HARQIXYrimz","2023-05-02T10:09:37.408Z","2024-08-21T11:02:43.721Z",{"sys":616},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":618},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":620,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":621},"1613-a3","Lack of food",74,"Main cause of death","Worldwide, what causes more deaths?",[626],"uk 0.76",[628],"uk 0.53","Heart disease and strokes are the main cause of death worldwide.","Source: IHME & WHO","[1]  [IHME](https:\u002F\u002Fvizhub.healthdata.org\u002Fgbd-results?params=gbd-api-2019-permalink\u002Fb5c019afa80b8eba4da6c56b99ab4446)    \n\n[2]  [WHO – The top 10 causes of death](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.who.int\u002Fnews-room\u002Ffact-sheets\u002Fdetail\u002Fthe-top-10-causes-of-death)   ","In 2019, cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and strokes) were responsible for 33% of all deaths worldwide; cancers were responsible for 18%; and nutritional deficiencies (lack of food) were the cause of 0.4% of all deaths.\n",{"metadata":634,"sys":637,"fields":649},{"tags":635,"concepts":636},[],[],{"space":638,"id":640,"type":14,"createdAt":641,"updatedAt":642,"environment":643,"publishedVersion":645,"revision":646,"contentType":647,"locale":26},{"sys":639},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2Fp8tpYFS8ogjMKtaI8Zgd","2023-03-13T11:21:11.565Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.003Z",{"sys":644},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},65,33,{"sys":648},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":650,"answers":651,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":704,"name":705,"questionText":706,"statistics":707,"veryWrongStatistics":709,"correctSentence":711,"youWereWrong":712,"youWereRight":713,"dataSourceShortText":714,"dataSourceLinkLongText":715,"extendedAnswerText":716,"headingVeryWrong":717,"youWereVeryWrong":718,"headingWrong":717},"1545",[652,670,687],{"metadata":653,"sys":656,"fields":667},{"tags":654,"concepts":655},[],[],{"space":657,"id":659,"type":14,"createdAt":660,"updatedAt":661,"environment":662,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":665,"locale":26},{"sys":658},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"AOW5SJoEnReG557JaBWcj","2023-03-13T11:21:11.615Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.124Z",{"sys":663},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},35,{"sys":666},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":668,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":669},"1545-a1","Conflict and war",{"metadata":671,"sys":674,"fields":684},{"tags":672,"concepts":673},[],[],{"space":675,"id":677,"type":14,"createdAt":678,"updatedAt":679,"environment":680,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":682,"locale":26},{"sys":676},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4DuOUn8M57v02SKBOmw370","2023-03-13T11:21:11.652Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.164Z",{"sys":681},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":683},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":685,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":686},"1545-a2","Heart disease and stroke",{"metadata":688,"sys":691,"fields":701},{"tags":689,"concepts":690},[],[],{"space":692,"id":694,"type":14,"createdAt":695,"updatedAt":696,"environment":697,"publishedVersion":664,"revision":563,"contentType":699,"locale":26},{"sys":693},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2ySyeIMOSvR1cT0OkZLFXP","2023-03-13T11:21:11.686Z","2024-08-21T11:02:44.204Z",{"sys":698},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":700},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":702,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":703},"1545-a3","HIV \u002F AIDS",81,"Deaths in Africa","Which of the following causes the most deaths in Africa?",[708],"uk 0.81",[710],"uk 0.277","Heart disease and strokes are the leading cause of death in Africa. ","…most people die of heart disease and strokes. Nowadays, HIV and AIDS treatment is widespread and effective.","They mistakenly assumed that people in Africa die in different ways than people in the rest of the world. ","Source: IHME","The latest figures are for 2019 and show that of the deaths in Africa: cardiovascular diseases (heart disease and strokes) caused 18%; HIV\u002FAIDS caused 7%; and conflict and terrorism caused 0.15%. The figures come from the IHME’s 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. This data is estimated and not collected annually (usually once every 10 years or so) and, as such, some of the countries’ figures may be slightly outdated. There is a margin of error in the data and hard to say with certainty what the exact figure for each cause of death is. However, we are sure of the trend and have cross-checked with other sources, including the WHO. It is absolutely clear that heart disease and strokes are the cause of more deaths than either of the other two answer options. \n\n[1]  [IHME, Global Burden of Disease 2019](https:\u002F\u002Fvizhub.healthdata.org\u002Fgbd-results?params=gbd-api-2019-permalink\u002F9e4e5a1113ca750ef3b99e79b1871a33)  \n[2]  [Our World In Data – What do people die from?](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fcauses-of-death#what-do-people-die-from)  \n","Heart disease and strokes are the main cause of death everywhere and it is the same in Africa. The incredible improvement in care for people with HIV and AIDS means that it hasn’t been the leading cause of death in Africa since around 2010. Less than 1% of deaths in Africa come from war, but we have been conditioned to think that people in Africa are dying more often in wars than in old age. That is completely wrong! Even during the terrible events of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, conflict deaths (6%) didn’t overtake cardiovascular deaths (11%).\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey are so used to seeing the images in the media of chaos and suffering in Africa that they assume that is the experience of the entire continent of a billion people. It isn’t!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nFirstly, it means that people have missed the extraordinary improvement in access to HIV and AIDS medication. Secondly, it is another example of people thinking that Africa is very underdeveloped and many, many decades behind the rest of the world. This view is damaging both to the person with the misconception and to the countries in Africa who want to try to attract tourists, businesses, investment and students. \n\n### Can I trust this data?\nYes, but be aware they are estimates from the IHME’s 2019 Global Burden of Disease study. This data is not collected annually (usually once every 10 years or so) and, as such, some of the countries’ figures may be slightly outdated. There is a margin of error in the data and hard to say with certainty what the exact figure for each cause of death is. However, we are sure of the trend and have cross-checked with other sources, including the WHO. It is absolutely clear that heart disease and strokes are the cause of more deaths than either of the other two answer options. \n","Africa is like the rest of the world…","…most people die of heart disease and strokes. War and terrorism aren’t even close to being the main cause of death!",{"metadata":720,"sys":727,"fields":738},{"tags":721,"concepts":726},[722,724],{"sys":723},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":725},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":433},[],{"space":728,"id":730,"type":14,"createdAt":731,"updatedAt":732,"environment":733,"publishedVersion":735,"revision":278,"contentType":736,"locale":26},{"sys":729},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4bvrajRPnjflDearOgGqK3","2022-11-24T08:40:09.297Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.064Z",{"sys":734},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},109,{"sys":737},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":739,"answers":740,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":794,"name":795,"questionText":796,"statistics":797,"veryWrongStatistics":799,"correctSentence":801,"youWereWrong":802,"youWereRight":803,"dataSourceShortText":804,"dataSourceLinkLongText":805,"extendedAnswerText":806,"headingVeryWrong":807,"youWereVeryWrong":802,"headingWrong":808},"1517",[741,759,777],{"metadata":742,"sys":745,"fields":756},{"tags":743,"concepts":744},[],[],{"space":746,"id":748,"type":14,"createdAt":749,"updatedAt":750,"environment":751,"publishedVersion":622,"revision":753,"contentType":754,"locale":26},{"sys":747},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"3GiDqABvNQB0oWHg9icg4f","2022-11-24T08:40:09.330Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.109Z",{"sys":752},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},68,{"sys":755},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":757,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":758},"1517-a1","1850",{"metadata":760,"sys":763,"fields":774},{"tags":761,"concepts":762},[],[],{"space":764,"id":766,"type":14,"createdAt":767,"updatedAt":768,"environment":769,"publishedVersion":771,"revision":753,"contentType":772,"locale":26},{"sys":765},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2vXnQZr9WTcla7SLjq89pK","2022-11-24T08:40:09.357Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.144Z",{"sys":770},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},73,{"sys":773},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":775,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":776},"1517-a2","1900",{"metadata":778,"sys":781,"fields":791},{"tags":779,"concepts":780},[],[],{"space":782,"id":784,"type":14,"createdAt":785,"updatedAt":786,"environment":787,"publishedVersion":771,"revision":753,"contentType":789,"locale":26},{"sys":783},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1vGGaJtaGF3HuoOfWyBJ7o","2022-11-24T08:40:09.381Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.219Z",{"sys":788},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":790},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":792,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":793},"1517-a3","1950",82,"Child deaths in Africa vs Europe","Child deaths in Africa today are at the same levels as in Europe in:",[798],"uk 0.82",[800],"uk 0.411","Child deaths in Africa today are at the same levels as in Europe in 1950.","Africa today is MUCH more developed than most people realize!","They are at least 100 years behind in their view of Africa. ","Source: UN & Gapminder","The figures for the current under 5 mortality rate in Africa and the figures for Europe in 1950 come from the UN. They are calculated in different ways but mostly rely on birth history data and surveys. The historical data going back to 1800 was compiled and documented by Gapminder’s Mattias Lindgren and Klara Johansson from many sources, but mainly based on [www.mortality.org](https:\u002F\u002Fmortality.org\u002F) and the series of books called International Historical Statistics by Brian R Mitchell.\n\n[1]  [UN World Population Prospects](https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwpp\u002F)  \n[2]  [Gapminder bubble chart of historical and current child mortality - (All countries)](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Ftools\u002F#$model$markers$bubble$encoding$y$data$concept=child_mortality_0_5_year_olds_dying_per_1000_born&space@=country&=time;;&scale$domain:null&zoomed:null&type:null;;;;;;&chart-type=bubbles&url=v1)  \n[3]  [Mortality.org](www.mortality.org)  ","Most people are completely wrong about Africa today. In 2022, only 6.4% of children died before age five, which is the same level as Europe had in 1955. It is, of course, far too many child deaths, but it is still much less than people in general believe. This is just one of many ways people underestimate African development. Most Africans today have access to food, water, basic healthcare and schooling, which has resulted in enormous improvements in child survival.\n\nPeople in general are also very wrong about European history. They don’t realize how bad things used to be. In 1850, nearly 40% of all children in Europe died before age five. In 1900 the number had decreased slightly to around 33%. Such high levels of child mortality hardly exist anywhere in the world today. \n\nThe enormous decline in mortality rates worldwide is partly an effect of increasing incomes, which means more parents have more resources to save their children. But even in communities that have remained extremely poor, far more children survive today because it has gotten easier to save lives thanks to widespread public health knowledge and inexpensive equipment. Improved hygiene and sanitation, access to vaccines, widespread basic healthcare, and educated mothers means that more and more children survive to celebrate their 5th birthday, and beyond.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nMost people have a stereotype of Africa in their head, where everything is bad and nothing improves. Most media images from Africa displayed on TV shows, in the news, or in movies, portray people who suffer in conflicts, in extreme poverty or from oppression. These images are almost never fake, but together they give an extremely skewed image of a continent that has improved a lot. In many communities, things are indeed still very bad. Nobody should neglect all the remaining suffering and problems, but still, the average African citizen today is much better off than most people imagine!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nA hugely misleading stereotype of Africa is not only harmful to its citizens, who are constantly perceived as victims of underdevelopment, but it is also hindering rich countries and companies from realizing the potential in Africa. Across the world, people miss amazing opportunities to travel, study, work and invest in African countries.\n\n### Can I trust this data?\nYes, but no statistics should be trusted as 100% correct. The African child mortality today and Europe’s in 1955 are both based on estimates. But even if their uncertainty range may be 5%, that doesn’t change which option is the correct answer. There’s no chance Africa today is as bad as Europe was in 1900 or before when it comes to mortality rates among children.\n","You are 100 years wrong","You are 50 years wrong",{"metadata":810,"sys":818,"fields":830},{"tags":811,"concepts":817},[812,814],{"sys":813},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":815},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":816},"industry",[],{"space":819,"id":821,"type":14,"createdAt":822,"updatedAt":823,"environment":824,"publishedVersion":826,"revision":827,"contentType":828,"locale":26},{"sys":820},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"CpN7HRrSgPdxCZl3T9ec8","2022-06-22T13:29:48.606Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.362Z",{"sys":825},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},164,96,{"sys":829},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"globalId":831,"answers":832,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":887,"name":888,"questionText":889,"statistics":890,"veryWrongStatistics":895,"correctSentence":899,"youWereWrong":900,"youWereRight":900,"dataSourceShortText":901,"dataSourceLinkLongText":902,"extendedAnswerText":903,"headingVeryWrong":904,"youWereVeryWrong":900,"headingWrong":904},"1391",[833,852,869],{"metadata":834,"sys":837,"fields":849},{"tags":835,"concepts":836},[],[],{"space":838,"id":840,"type":14,"createdAt":841,"updatedAt":842,"environment":843,"publishedVersion":845,"revision":846,"contentType":847,"locale":26},{"sys":839},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"64gtH9b8lgksFwIoo760NF","2022-06-22T13:29:48.643Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.452Z",{"sys":844},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},95,89,{"sys":848},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":850,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":851},"1391-a1","Around 40",{"metadata":853,"sys":856,"fields":866},{"tags":854,"concepts":855},[],[],{"space":857,"id":859,"type":14,"createdAt":860,"updatedAt":861,"environment":862,"publishedVersion":154,"revision":846,"contentType":864,"locale":26},{"sys":858},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1KytpRkztzssDPDtrYUY3O","2022-06-22T13:29:48.676Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.491Z",{"sys":863},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":865},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":867,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":868},"1391-a2","Around 80",{"metadata":870,"sys":873,"fields":884},{"tags":871,"concepts":872},[],[],{"space":874,"id":876,"type":14,"createdAt":877,"updatedAt":878,"environment":879,"publishedVersion":881,"revision":846,"contentType":882,"locale":26},{"sys":875},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1wBxm7wv4eCedjBtLswIpm","2022-06-22T13:29:48.708Z","2024-10-09T08:28:29.527Z",{"sys":880},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},94,{"sys":883},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":885,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":886},"1391-a3","Around 140",80,"China's Belt and Road Initiative","How many countries have made cooperation agreements with China's Belt and Road Initiative?",[891,892,893,894],"uk 0.75","usa 0.78","rus 0.75","jpn 0.9",[896,897,529,898],"uk 0.46","usa 0.54","jpn 0.69","Around 140 countries have made cooperation agreements with China's Belt and Road Initiative.","Since it was launched in 2013, this huge Chinese-led project to expand global infrastructure has led to cooperation agreements with 70% of all countries.","Source: Belt And Road Portal","The official BRI website lists 143 countries in [the list of International Coorporations](https:\u002F\u002Feng.yidaiyilu.gov.cn\u002Flist\u002Fc\u002Fgbjg). The Fanhai International School of Finance at Fudan University in Shanghai put the number at 145 as of March 2022. We used the figure of \"around 140\" as the number has been changing and so any specific number is likely to  change.","Most people haven't yet recognized the sheer scale of this initiative, which is funding roads, railways and ports in many countries to better integrate them into the global trade of the future. The aim is to connect Europe, Asia and Africa. There are also several Latin American countries that have joined. Although most countries are on board in some way, there has been criticism of the project and China's intentions - particularly in the US - but there is no doubt it is a hugely ambitious infrastructure project.","A global mega agreement!",{"metadata":906,"sys":917,"fields":929},{"tags":907,"concepts":916},[908,911,914],{"sys":909},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":910},"climate",{"sys":912},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":913},"energy",{"sys":915},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":918,"id":920,"type":14,"createdAt":921,"updatedAt":922,"environment":923,"publishedVersion":925,"revision":926,"contentType":927,"locale":26},{"sys":919},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1wAfu51RJBKSGHQWXhSk4E","2023-05-11T12:56:11.936Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.189Z",{"sys":924},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},44,28,{"sys":928},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":930,"answers":931,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":984,"name":985,"questionText":986,"statistics":987,"veryWrongStatistics":989,"correctSentence":991,"dataSourceShortText":992,"dataSourceLinkLongText":993},"1633",[932,950,967],{"metadata":933,"sys":936,"fields":947},{"tags":934,"concepts":935},[],[],{"space":937,"id":939,"type":14,"createdAt":940,"updatedAt":941,"environment":942,"publishedVersion":926,"revision":944,"contentType":945,"locale":26},{"sys":938},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6GItPRibzuyeg2fpAXvMJj","2023-05-11T12:56:12.003Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.235Z",{"sys":943},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},25,{"sys":946},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":948,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":949},"1633-a1","34%",{"metadata":951,"sys":954,"fields":964},{"tags":952,"concepts":953},[],[],{"space":955,"id":957,"type":14,"createdAt":958,"updatedAt":959,"environment":960,"publishedVersion":926,"revision":944,"contentType":962,"locale":26},{"sys":956},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"66ojpoYbnHxOrIibPNWMzM","2023-05-11T12:56:12.044Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.283Z",{"sys":961},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":963},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":965,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":966},"1633-a2","64%",{"metadata":968,"sys":971,"fields":981},{"tags":969,"concepts":970},[],[],{"space":972,"id":974,"type":14,"createdAt":975,"updatedAt":976,"environment":977,"publishedVersion":926,"revision":944,"contentType":979,"locale":26},{"sys":973},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4g4S8wXJgiPwkX9sdizUlA","2023-05-11T12:56:12.084Z","2023-12-13T10:54:37.324Z",{"sys":978},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":980},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":982,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":983},"1633-a3","94%",87,"Greener energy provider China","70% of Europeans said they were planning to switch to a more environmentally friendly energy provider to fight climate change, in 2020. What was this number in China?",[988],"usa 0.87",[990],"usa 0.4789","In 2020, 94% of people in China said they had either already switched or planned to switch to a more environmentally friendly energy provider to fight climate change.","Sources:  European Investment Bank","[1]    [European Investment Bank, 2019-20 Climate Survey](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eib.org\u002Fen\u002Fsurveys\u002Fclimate-survey\u002Fall-resources.htm)        ",{"metadata":995,"sys":1002,"fields":1013},{"tags":996,"concepts":1001},[997,999],{"sys":998},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":913},{"sys":1000},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1003,"id":1005,"type":14,"createdAt":1006,"updatedAt":1007,"environment":1008,"publishedVersion":1010,"revision":845,"contentType":1011,"locale":26},{"sys":1004},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"71f574f49a787821d68cfa8febe666d8","2021-11-11T07:08:20.352Z","2026-07-27T07:01:30.089Z",{"sys":1009},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},221,{"sys":1012},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1014,"answers":1015,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":984,"name":1069,"questionText":1070,"statistics":1071,"veryWrongStatistics":1075,"correctSentence":1080,"youWereWrong":1081,"youWereRight":1082,"dataSourceShortText":1083,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1084,"extendedAnswerText":1085,"headingVeryWrong":1086,"youWereVeryWrong":1087,"headingWrong":1088},"59",[1016,1034,1052],{"metadata":1017,"sys":1020,"fields":1031},{"tags":1018,"concepts":1019},[],[],{"space":1021,"id":1023,"type":14,"createdAt":1024,"updatedAt":1025,"environment":1026,"publishedVersion":1028,"revision":887,"contentType":1029,"locale":26},{"sys":1022},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"13ea3cf655d6cca0623a8d49152f4cfa","2021-11-11T06:54:13.909Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.157Z",{"sys":1027},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},88,{"sys":1030},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1032,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1033},"59-a1","Reduced to less than half",{"metadata":1035,"sys":1038,"fields":1049},{"tags":1036,"concepts":1037},[],[],{"space":1039,"id":1041,"type":14,"createdAt":1042,"updatedAt":1043,"environment":1044,"publishedVersion":1046,"revision":794,"contentType":1047,"locale":26},{"sys":1040},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6e99e2a5307037f6b0b215a77f636bea","2021-11-11T06:54:15.651Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.193Z",{"sys":1045},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},92,{"sys":1048},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1050,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1051},"59-a2","Remained about the same",{"metadata":1053,"sys":1056,"fields":1066},{"tags":1054,"concepts":1055},[],[],{"space":1057,"id":1059,"type":14,"createdAt":1060,"updatedAt":1061,"environment":1062,"publishedVersion":1028,"revision":887,"contentType":1064,"locale":26},{"sys":1058},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"9059938ff158efac3a6cca04e705efe4","2021-11-11T06:54:17.317Z","2025-02-10T10:57:48.226Z",{"sys":1063},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1065},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1067,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1068},"59-a3","More than doubled","During the past 40 years the amount of oil and nat","During the past 40 years the total amount of oil and natural gas in known underground reserves:",[1072,1073,1074,892],"deu 0.91","swe 0.89","uk 0.90",[1076,1077,1078,1079],"usa 0.43","deu 0.58","swe 0.63","uk 0.62","The known reserves of oil and natural gas more than doubled during the past 40 years.","Many believe that we will run out of fossil fuels, but that isn’t the problem. We have to stop using them way before they run out.","They hadn’t realized that the amount of reserves have increased through new discoveries even as we continue to use more oil and gas.","Source: BP Statistical Review of World Energy","The data we used comes from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy and it shows that known oil reserves in 2020 grew 153% bigger than in 1980 and that natural gas reserves grew 165% in the same period. We also looked at more recent data from OPEC. It shows that oil reserves in 2025 grew 144% bigger than in 1980 and gas reserves grew 160% in the same period. \n\nThe term \"known reserves\" we use in this question is called \"proved reserves\" in the BP data. Proved (or known) reserves are  \"those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and geological conditions.\" There are more resources that are known about but, with the current technology, don't meet the criteria of \"proved reserves\" that can actually be used.\n\nThe data isn’t perfect as companies and governments may not always want to release all the details of their known reserves. However, three independent experts we consulted about this question said they recognized BP’s data as the best available and that the doubling of known reserves during the past 40 years is correct.\n\n[1]  [Increase in oil and natural gas reserves since 1980. Data from BP Statistical Review of World Energy and OPEC. Gapminder spreadsheet ](https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.google.com\u002Fspreadsheets\u002Fd\u002F1K_NBgPwCf7iupitTQeIGG8fTsoJTLr0xW0pHXKmXCxw\u002Fedit?gid=972041694#gid=972041694)  \n[2]  [BP Statistical Review of World Energy](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.bp.com\u002Fen\u002Fglobal\u002Fcorporate\u002Fenergy-economics\u002Fstatistical-review-of-world-energy\u002Fdownloads.html)  \n[3]  [Our World In Data - “How long before we run out of fossil fuels?”](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fhow-long-before-we-run-out-of-fossil-fuels)\n[4]  We consulted three independent experts for this question, including Paul Behrens of Leiden University.","\nYou may have thought we will need to switch to renewable energy sources when fossil fuel reserves run low. History has shown us, though, that as technology has improved, more oil and gas reserves have been found and pumped out of the ground.\n\nTo prevent the absolute worst effects of climate change, oil and gas reserves must stay in the ground. They will never run out, just become more expensive to extract, and if we continue to burn them as we have been, scientists predict catastrophic climate change. \n\nAs oil and gas becomes harder to get to and renewable sources become more commonly used, it will make more financial sense to leave fossil fuels in the ground to switch to cleaner, renewable sources instead. We just need to do it more quickly!\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nThinking we will simply switch to renewable energy sources when fossil fuels run low is hugely naive. To avoid the worst impacts of climate change, fossil fuel reserves need to be left in the ground. \n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey think that as we use more oil and gas, the reserves will run lower. They hadn’t realized that as technology improves, it becomes more possible to find and extract fossil fuels.\n\n### Can I trust the data?\nYes. The data we used comes from the BP Statistical Review of World Energy and it shows that known oil reserves in 2020 were 254% bigger than in 1980 and that natural gas reserves were 265% bigger in the same period. More recent data from OPEC shows the same. It shows that oil reserves in 2025 were 244% bigger than in 1980 and gas reserves were 260% bigger in the same period. \n\nThe term \"known reserves\" we use in this question is called \"proved reserves\" in the BP data. Proved (or known) reserves are \"those quantities that geological and engineering information indicates with reasonable certainty can be recovered in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and geological conditions.\" There are more resources that are known about but, with the current technology, don't meet the criteria of \"proved reserves\" that can actually be used.\n\nThe data isn’t perfect as companies and governments may not always want to release all the details of their known reserves. However, three independent experts we consulted about this question said they recognized BP’s data as the best available and that the doubling of known reserves during the past 40 years is correct.\n","The Stone Agers didn’t run out of stones","It’s intuitive to think the known reserves declined as we used more fossil fuels, but they actually increased as we discovered more reserves.","We discovered more than we used",{"metadata":1090,"sys":1097,"fields":1108},{"tags":1091,"concepts":1096},[1092,1094],{"sys":1093},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":913},{"sys":1095},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1098,"id":1100,"type":14,"createdAt":1101,"updatedAt":1102,"environment":1103,"publishedVersion":881,"revision":1105,"contentType":1106,"locale":26},{"sys":1099},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5xEVSC1ainzTMtrAWGUZR1","2023-06-30T12:23:43.864Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.414Z",{"sys":1104},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},39,{"sys":1107},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":1109,"answers":1110,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":1163,"name":1164,"questionText":1165,"statistics":1166,"veryWrongStatistics":1175,"correctSentence":1182,"dataSourceShortText":1183,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1184},"1691",[1111,1128,1146],{"metadata":1112,"sys":1115,"fields":1125},{"tags":1113,"concepts":1114},[],[],{"space":1116,"id":1118,"type":14,"createdAt":1119,"updatedAt":1120,"environment":1121,"publishedVersion":1105,"revision":664,"contentType":1123,"locale":26},{"sys":1117},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4L0KLKCMzdiagA0md6VsSI","2023-06-30T12:23:43.975Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.460Z",{"sys":1122},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1124},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1126,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1127},"1691-a1","Around 20%",{"metadata":1129,"sys":1132,"fields":1143},{"tags":1130,"concepts":1131},[],[],{"space":1133,"id":1135,"type":14,"createdAt":1136,"updatedAt":1137,"environment":1138,"publishedVersion":1140,"revision":664,"contentType":1141,"locale":26},{"sys":1134},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"BRsyUG9ruwfUKadqDyMoH","2023-06-30T12:23:44.046Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.495Z",{"sys":1139},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},38,{"sys":1142},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1144,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1145},"1691-a2","Around 50%",{"metadata":1147,"sys":1150,"fields":1160},{"tags":1148,"concepts":1149},[],[],{"space":1151,"id":1153,"type":14,"createdAt":1154,"updatedAt":1155,"environment":1156,"publishedVersion":1105,"revision":664,"contentType":1158,"locale":26},{"sys":1152},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"1MWOzn9YSQ9j5wtpoqvs7S","2023-06-30T12:23:44.348Z","2024-05-08T09:03:41.533Z",{"sys":1157},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1159},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1161,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1162},"1691-a3","Around 80%",75,"Electricity as share of energy","Of all energy used in the world, what share is electricity?",[1167,1168,1169,1170,1171,1172,1173,1174],"pak 0.7425","col 0.8614","ken 0.7087","tur 0.81","swe 0.66","uk 0.71","usa 0.73","deu 0.79",[1176,1177,1178,1179,410,1180,539,1181],"pak 0.3465","col 0.5446","ken 0.5437","tur 0.27","uk 0.21","deu 0.24","Worldwide, around 20% of all the energy used is electricity from power plants.","Source: IEA","[1]  [IEA – Total final consumption by source ](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.iea.org\u002Fdata-and-statistics\u002Fdata-tools\u002Fenergy-statistics-data-browser?country=WORLD&fuel=Energy%20consumption&indicator=TFCbySource)     ",{"metadata":1186,"sys":1194,"fields":1206},{"tags":1187,"concepts":1193},[1188,1191],{"sys":1189},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":1190},"gender",{"sys":1192},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},[],{"space":1195,"id":1197,"type":14,"createdAt":1198,"updatedAt":1199,"environment":1200,"publishedVersion":1202,"revision":1203,"contentType":1204,"locale":26},{"sys":1196},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4263ec6fa37f594d68a23a26c871f417","2021-11-11T07:17:15.627Z","2024-10-03T08:28:49.140Z",{"sys":1201},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},172,70,{"sys":1205},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1207,"answers":1208,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":846,"ruleOfThumbs":1261,"name":1280,"questionText":1281,"statistics":1282,"veryWrongStatistics":1302,"correctSentence":1323,"youWereWrong":1324,"youWereRight":1324,"dataSourceShortText":1325,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1326,"extendedAnswerText":1327,"headingVeryWrong":1328,"youWereVeryWrong":1329,"headingWrong":1330},"10",[1209,1227,1244],{"metadata":1210,"sys":1213,"fields":1224},{"tags":1211,"concepts":1212},[],[],{"space":1214,"id":1216,"type":14,"createdAt":1217,"updatedAt":1218,"environment":1219,"publishedVersion":1203,"revision":1221,"contentType":1222,"locale":26},{"sys":1215},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"438b3959966875d3f3cc579d41673e30","2021-11-11T07:17:15.681Z","2024-10-03T08:28:49.185Z",{"sys":1220},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},60,{"sys":1223},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1225,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1226},"10-a1","Around 2%",{"metadata":1228,"sys":1231,"fields":1241},{"tags":1229,"concepts":1230},[],[],{"space":1232,"id":1234,"type":14,"createdAt":1235,"updatedAt":1236,"environment":1237,"publishedVersion":1203,"revision":1221,"contentType":1239,"locale":26},{"sys":1233},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"a4c229c4ec8027f0345f79d8643b7c26","2021-11-11T07:17:15.711Z","2024-10-03T08:28:49.221Z",{"sys":1238},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1240},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1242,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1243},"10-a2","Around 10%",{"metadata":1245,"sys":1248,"fields":1258},{"tags":1246,"concepts":1247},[],[],{"space":1249,"id":1251,"type":14,"createdAt":1252,"updatedAt":1253,"environment":1254,"publishedVersion":1203,"revision":1221,"contentType":1256,"locale":26},{"sys":1250},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"3b547c08b04b0744faa40aef920e198c","2021-11-11T07:17:15.751Z","2024-10-03T08:28:49.258Z",{"sys":1255},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1257},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1259,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1260},"10-a3","Around 18%",[1262],{"metadata":1263,"sys":1266,"fields":1277},{"tags":1264,"concepts":1265},[],[],{"space":1267,"id":1269,"type":14,"createdAt":1270,"updatedAt":1271,"environment":1272,"publishedVersion":351,"revision":1274,"contentType":1275,"locale":26},{"sys":1268},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7HhzDLbQCOceRHsaAm39oE","2020-06-15T15:58:37.886Z","2024-10-03T08:28:49.277Z",{"sys":1273},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},55,{"sys":1276},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":172},{"header":1278,"body":1279}," Don’t assume straight lines","Many trends do not follow straight lines but are S-bends, slides, humps, or doubling lines. No child ever kept up the rate of growth it achieved in its first six months, and no parents would expect it to.","How many companies in the world have a woman as to","How many companies in the world have a woman as top manager or CEO?",[1283,1284,1285,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1293,512,1294,1295,1296,1297,1298,1299,1300,1301],"swe 0.883557835575669","nor 0.9478737651582341","fin 0.900158055939152","dnk 0.8576920574395769","gbr 0.8615","phl 0.62","nga 0.83","pak 0.71","ind 0.75","zaf 0.85","mar 0.62","esp 0.87","rus 0.58","mex 0.87","jpn 0.8","deu 0.85","fra 0.85","bra 0.7","usa 0.81",[1303,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1313,1314,1315,1316,1317,1318,1319,1320,1321,1322],"gbr 0.5","usa 0.58","bra 0.43","fra 0.46","deu 0.52","jpn 0.47","mex 0.56","rus 0.34","esp 0.59","swe 0.53","mys 0.44","mar 0.28","dnk 0.48","fin 0.55","nor 0.57","zaf 0.54","ind 0.38","pak 0.45","nga 0.47","phl 0.3","Around 18% of companies worldwide have female top managers.","Most assume the worst when asked about women’s status in business. The misconception that female bosses are rare makes women underestimate their chances.","Multiple data sources...","According to the Enterprise Survey[1] by the World Bank[1], some 18% of businesses had a female CEO. In another, recent study by Grant Thornton “Women in business 2024”[2], the estimate is 33%, which is a rapid increase from their 19% estimate for 2016. But their estimate is far from globally representative, as it’s based on interviews in just 28 countries.\nTo avoid overstating progress, we use the estimate 18% from the World Bank as our correct answer. This is based on interviews conducted during the period 2009 to 2020 with tens of thousands of businesses with 5 or more employees in the manufacturing and service sectors in 144 countries. Firms with 100% government\u002Fstate ownership are not included. The number of businesses per country ranges from 150 in small countries, to nearly 2000 in large countries. Because the data is based on a small sample of all companies in the world, there is a large margin of error which we take into consideration by putting big differences between the correct answer 18%, and the two wrong options: 10% and 2%. The World Bank’s trends have also been rising steadily, why it’s reasonable to believe that the real number would be higher than 18% if a new round of interviews were conducted today.\n\nAccording to three independent studies[3][4][5] of companies in lots of countries, it seems like businesses with female CEOs on average outperform business with male CEOs. Please note that all studies clearly state that the finding doesn’t necessarily show a causal relationship of higher or lower profits is caused by the CEO’s gender. It’s just as likely that the explanation is a kind of company culture which leads to selecting a female CEO and that such a company culture also is a more profitable company culture. A company with such culture can also be as profitable with a male CEO.\n\n[1]  [World Bank Enterprise Survey](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.enterprisesurveys.org\u002Fen\u002Fdata\u002Fexploretopics\u002Fgender)  \n[2]  [Women in business 2024 - Grant Thornton International](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.grantthornton.com\u002Fcontent\u002Fdam\u002Fgrantthornton\u002Fwebsite\u002Fassets\u002Fcontent-page-files\u002Finsights\u002Fwomen-in-business\u002F2024\u002Fwomen-in-business-2024-defining-pathways-to-parity.pdf)  \n[3]  [ILO - Women in Business and Management - “The business case for change”, page 44](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ilo.org\u002Fwcmsp5\u002Fgroups\u002Fpublic\u002F---dgreports\u002F---dcomm\u002F---publ\u002Fdocuments\u002Fpublication\u002Fwcms_700953.pdf)  \n[4]  [Gender 3000 by Credit Suisse Research Institute (summary)](https:\u002F\u002Fedubirdie.com\u002Fblog\u002Fcs-gender-3000-report-2019-201910)  \n[5]  [“When Women Lead, Firms Win”, Daniel J. Sandberg for S&P Global](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spglobal.com\u002F_division_assets\u002Fimages\u002Fspecial-editorial\u002Fiif-2019\u002Fwhenwomenlead_.pdf)","As the world of business is still so embarrassingly male dominated, people tend to underestimate the number of women who actually make it to the top. This misconception must be battled as it slows down the speed of change. Young girls might not aim high enough because they get an outdated worldview from their parents and teachers, who underestimate their actual chances of becoming business leaders. And young boys continue to assume that men are better leaders. \n\nBusinesses that are run by women seem to generate higher profit than average companies, according to multiple independent stock market studies by [ILO](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ilo.org\u002Fwcmsp5\u002Fgroups\u002Fpublic\u002F---dgreports\u002F---dcomm\u002F---publ\u002Fdocuments\u002Fpublication\u002Fwcms_700953.pdf) and [S&P Global](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.spglobal.com\u002F_division_assets\u002Fimages\u002Fspecial-editorial\u002Fiif-2019\u002Fwhenwomenlead_.pdf) and [Credit Suisse](https:\u002F\u002Fedubirdie.com\u002Fblog\u002Fcs-gender-3000-report-2019-201910). That doesn’t necessarily mean that a female CEO produces higher profit. It’s just as likely that the “company culture” in companies that select female CEOs are more open minded and more profitable.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nUnderestimating the share of women who make it to the top of the business world has big consequences. Young girls might be put off from working towards a business career if they think women only rarely make it to senior positions. Parents could discourage their daughters from pursuing corporate careers and men could either overlook women when management positions come up or assume that men just make better leaders.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThey know men and women aren’t yet equal and often think there has been way less progress and almost always think the answer is the worst when it comes to questions on gender equality.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes, but be aware of how this is measured and the limitations it has. \nAccording to the Enterprise Survey by the World Bank, some 18% of businesses had a female CEO. In another, recent study by Grant Thornton “Women in business 2024”, the estimate is 33%, which is a rapid increase from their 19% estimate for 2016. But their estimate is far from globally representative, as it’s based on interviews in just 28 countries.\n\nTo avoid overstating progress, we use the estimate 18% from the World Bank as our correct answer. This is based on interviews conducted during the period 2009 to 2020 with tens of thousands of businesses with 5 or more employees in the manufacturing and service sectors in 144 countries. Firms with 100% government\u002Fstate ownership are not included. The number of businesses per country ranges from 150 in small countries, to nearly 2000 in large countries. Because the data is based on a small sample of all companies in the world, there is a large margin of error which we take into consideration by putting big differences between the correct answer 18%, and the two wrong options: 10% and 2%. The World Bank’s trends have also been rising steadily, why it’s reasonable to believe that the real number would be higher than 18% if a new round of interviews were conducted today.\n\nAccording to three independent studies of companies in lots of countries, it seems like businesses with female CEOs on average outperform business with male CEOs. Please note that all studies clearly state that the finding doesn’t necessarily show a causal relationship of higher or lower profits is caused by the CEO’s gender. It’s just as likely that the explanation is a kind of company culture which leads to selecting a female CEO and that such a company culture also is a more profitable company culture. A company with such culture can also be as profitable with a male CEO.","Are you a visitor from the past?","Female bosses are not rare any longer, but this common misconception can make women underestimate their chances.","More and more bosses are women",{"metadata":1332,"sys":1340,"fields":1351},{"tags":1333,"concepts":1339},[1334,1336],{"sys":1335},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":1337},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":1338},"sustainableCities",[],{"space":1341,"id":1343,"type":14,"createdAt":1344,"updatedAt":1345,"environment":1346,"publishedVersion":1348,"revision":1105,"contentType":1349,"locale":26},{"sys":1342},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"f2a98a0cc440c4a0cef60da544ddb4bd","2021-11-11T07:10:14.726Z","2025-09-16T07:30:21.499Z",{"sys":1347},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},123,{"sys":1350},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1352,"answers":1353,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":794,"name":1407,"questionText":1408,"statistics":1409,"veryWrongStatistics":1441,"correctSentence":1473,"youWereWrong":1474,"youWereRight":1475,"dataSourceShortText":1476,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1477,"extendedAnswerText":1478,"headingVeryWrong":1479,"youWereVeryWrong":1474,"headingWrong":1479},"76",[1354,1373,1390],{"metadata":1355,"sys":1358,"fields":1370},{"tags":1356,"concepts":1357},[],[],{"space":1359,"id":1361,"type":14,"createdAt":1362,"updatedAt":1363,"environment":1364,"publishedVersion":1366,"revision":1367,"contentType":1368,"locale":26},{"sys":1360},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"91cf97ce06992d9099fdfe32211e4128","2021-11-11T06:55:33.877Z","2024-08-28T08:59:58.221Z",{"sys":1365},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},36,32,{"sys":1369},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1371,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1372},"76-a1","Almost halved",{"metadata":1374,"sys":1377,"fields":1387},{"tags":1375,"concepts":1376},[],[],{"space":1378,"id":1380,"type":14,"createdAt":1381,"updatedAt":1382,"environment":1383,"publishedVersion":1366,"revision":1367,"contentType":1385,"locale":26},{"sys":1379},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"534831750dfb34e6ebdb786c7d00ba48","2021-11-11T06:55:35.712Z","2024-08-28T08:59:58.255Z",{"sys":1384},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1386},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1388,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1389},"76-a2","Stayed about the same",{"metadata":1391,"sys":1394,"fields":1404},{"tags":1392,"concepts":1393},[],[],{"space":1395,"id":1397,"type":14,"createdAt":1398,"updatedAt":1399,"environment":1400,"publishedVersion":1366,"revision":1367,"contentType":1402,"locale":26},{"sys":1396},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5dfae54dd036d0fcb8643c1166464878","2021-11-11T06:55:37.091Z","2024-08-28T08:59:58.292Z",{"sys":1401},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1403},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1405,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1406},"76-a3","Almost doubled","Urban vs rural since 1950s","Worldwide, more than 5 times more people live in towns and cities today than in 1950. What happened to the rural population?",[1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440],"uk 0.8251","usa 0.8152","arg 0.746","aus 0.8312","bel 0.8323","bra 0.816","can 0.8012","chn 0.909","fra 0.8222","deu 0.8921","hun 0.906","idn 0.6786","ita 0.8111","jpn 0.9321","mex 0.546","pol 0.8843","rus 0.9561","sau 0.7785","sgp 0.8429","kor 0.9561","esp 0.8941","swe 0.9301","tur 0.9363","mys 0.8448","egy 0.6068","are 0.7425","col 0.624","rou 0.9042","per 0.5419","jor 0.8294","mar 0.8426",[1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,1469,1470,1471,1472],"uk 0.5584","usa 0.5475","arg 0.5580","aus 0.5834","bel 0.4950","bra 0.6180","can 0.5944","chn 0.7666","fra 0.6733","deu 0.6503","hun 0.7440","idn 0.4471","ita 0.6205","jpn 0.7912","mex 0.36","pol 0.7106","rus 0.8603","sau 0.5250","sgp 0.6302","kor 0.8503","esp 0.7882","swe 0.7904","tur 0.8546","mys 0.6169","egy 0.4571","are 0.4551","col 0.4660","rou 0.8104","per 0.3824","jor 0.7559","mar 0.7430","The world’s rural population has nearly doubled since 1950.","When we have two groups, and one increases, we automatically think the other will decrease. But both urban and rural populations increased, because the total world population increased.\n","They don’t realize both urban and rural populations can increase at the same time when the population grows. ","Source: UN","Different countries have very different definitions of what is urban and what is rural, for instance how many people need to live in a village for it to be urban and not rural? The UN uses the estimates based on each country’s national definition which means that the data coming from different countries is not directly comparable, but the UN still pools it into one global average.\n\nThere is skepticism among some experts about the UN’s method of just taking data from each country since the definitions vary so much. But no matter how you count, it’s clear that our correct answer still stands: as the urban population has been increasing, so too has the rural population.[1]\n\nExperts who find this lack of clear definition problematic are working on new ways to define what’s urban and what’s rural. One suggested method includes satellite imagery, using the density of buildings and density of people as a criteria for determining whether a place is urban or rural.\n\n[1]  [UN Population Division (World Urbanization Prospects 2018)](https:\u002F\u002Fpopulation.un.org\u002Fwup\u002F)  \n[2]  [Gapminder calculations based on the UN’s World Population Prospects 2018 ](https:\u002F\u002Fdocs.google.com\u002Fspreadsheets\u002Fd\u002F1yyTwoT0VhHPHcg5qqHWY2F5QhiQEbMAJ3MjZxqllf2w\u002Fedit#gid=1093822345)  ","The world’s rural population went from 1.8 billion in 1950 to 3.4 billion in 2022. \n\nThe urban and rural populations have BOTH grown because the world’s population increased from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 7.9 billion today. \n\nUp until 2007, a majority of the world’s population still lived in rural areas, but the world is becoming more urbanized and the rural population is actually expected to start decreasing after 2021. \n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nThe competition for land has increased in many rural areas of the world. This means that it has become more important to keep track of who owns which lot of land, as the number of people has increased in rural places. Many parts of the world need better systems to keep track of land ownership to ensure that poor farmers have the right to their land. Land reforms have become more important, as more people are competing for the same fields. People who believe the rural population has generally decreased, assume there is now rural land in abundance. They don't realize the importance of stopping so-called land grabs, where big companies or governments buy or capture the right to land without compensating local communities and the increasing population that depends on the land.\n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThis intuitive mistake is common whenever we divide a total population into two groups, and we learn that one of the groups is increasing. If we don’t think twice, we assume the other group must be decreasing. We tend to forget that the total number may have increased. People are aware that the world is more urbanized today than before. They know that the urban share has increased and the rural share has decreased. But that is a question of shares. This question is about amounts. In terms of amounts, both groups increased, because the total population increased so much. \n\n### Can I trust the data?\nYes, the trend we ask about is definitely correct, while the actual number of rural dwellers is disputed. Different countries have very different definitions of what is urban and what is rural, and the numbers we use come from estimates based on each country’s national definition, which is what the UN uses. Some experts we talked to are skeptical about the UN’s method of just taking data reported from each country, but they are not skeptical about the magnitude of the trends. Even if all countries used the same criteria for the border between urban and rural areas, it’s clear that our correct answer still stands: as the urban population has been increasing, so has the rural population.\n\n### Find out more\nThe UN’s [World Urbanization report from 2018](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fen\u002Fdevelopment\u002Fdesa\u002Fpopulation\u002Ftheme\u002Furbanization\u002Findex.asp)\n\nExplore homes on [Dollar Street](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gapminder.org\u002Fdollar-street\u002F?topic=homes&media=image) to see the differences in how people in urban and rural places live on different income levels all over the World. \n\nTake a look at [Gapminder tools](https:\u002F\u002Fgapm.io\u002Frurpop) where you can see the size of country’s population living in urban and rural areas since the 1960s. \n","Rural population also increased",{"metadata":1481,"sys":1484,"fields":1494},{"tags":1482,"concepts":1483},[],[],{"space":1485,"id":1487,"type":14,"createdAt":1488,"updatedAt":1489,"environment":1490,"publishedVersion":984,"revision":64,"contentType":1492,"locale":26},{"sys":1486},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"5Y5VU19hVLisxi6eiEQ9cZ","2023-09-22T09:28:32.721Z","2024-10-03T08:28:52.130Z",{"sys":1491},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1493},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isRemoved":118,"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":1495,"answers":1496,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":1549,"veryWrongPercentage":1550,"name":1551,"questionText":1552,"statistics":1553,"veryWrongStatistics":1554,"correctSentence":1556,"youWereWrong":1557,"youWereRight":1558,"dataSourceShortText":1559,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1560,"extendedAnswerText":1561,"headingVeryWrong":1562,"youWereVeryWrong":1557,"headingWrong":1563},"1734",[1497,1515,1532],{"metadata":1498,"sys":1501,"fields":1512},{"tags":1499,"concepts":1500},[],[],{"space":1502,"id":1504,"type":14,"createdAt":1505,"updatedAt":1506,"environment":1507,"publishedVersion":64,"revision":1509,"contentType":1510,"locale":26},{"sys":1503},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"20onsyju2T5viZ6i3QJboK","2023-09-22T08:53:34.495Z","2024-10-03T08:28:52.169Z",{"sys":1508},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},3,{"sys":1511},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1513,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1514},"1734-a1","Around 10,000 fewer",{"metadata":1516,"sys":1519,"fields":1529},{"tags":1517,"concepts":1518},[],[],{"space":1520,"id":1522,"type":14,"createdAt":1523,"updatedAt":1524,"environment":1525,"publishedVersion":64,"revision":1509,"contentType":1527,"locale":26},{"sys":1521},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"8bEXlKYBVvUytAsXITyaB","2023-09-22T08:53:43.132Z","2024-10-03T08:28:52.201Z",{"sys":1526},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1528},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1530,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1531},"1734-a2","About the same",{"metadata":1533,"sys":1536,"fields":1546},{"tags":1534,"concepts":1535},[],[],{"space":1537,"id":1539,"type":14,"createdAt":1540,"updatedAt":1541,"environment":1542,"publishedVersion":64,"revision":1509,"contentType":1544,"locale":26},{"sys":1538},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"4IzCe70V0ANCc3JMh7kId3","2023-09-22T08:53:50.350Z","2024-10-03T08:28:52.233Z",{"sys":1543},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1545},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1547,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1548},"1734-a3","Around 10,000 more",78,47,"Local news journalists","Compared to 2008, there are 34,000 fewer local newspaper journalists in the U.S. today. How many journalists are there for local news websites compared to 2008?",[892],[1555],"usa 0.47","Today, there are around 10,000 more local online reporters in the U.S. than in 2008.","There are actually thousands more journalists reporting local news online than a decade ago. That's positive, but they haven't come close to making up for the reporters lost as more than 2,500 local newspapers closed in the past 20 years. Today, the online revolution has resulted in fewer Americans having access to locally important, fact-checked information.","As you recognized, there are thousands more journalists reporting local news online than a decade ago. That's positive, but they haven't come close to making up for the reporters lost as more than 2,500 local newspapers closed in the past 20 years. Today, the online revolution has resulted in fewer Americans having access to locally important, fact-checked information.","Source: Northwestern University and Pew","The figures we use for this question come from two different sources. The 34,000 figure used in the question comes from Northwestern University's 2022 States of Local News Report. The figure for the number of digital journalists comes from a Pew report from 2021. Both numbers are used in the Northwestern report. The figures for digital journalists here are \"digital-native\", but as Pew clarifies: \"The number of digital-native newsroom employees over time may be slightly elevated, as it includes newsroom employees from other categories in the broader other information services industry, such as those from the news syndicates category. It also may include legacy news organizations that are now published exclusively on the web. Because of these limitations, and given that digital news is a rapidly evolving industry, the most valuable information derived from this data is not annual employment and wage levels, but trends over time.\" Despite these limitations, two independent experts we contacted agreed that our correct answer is correct and that they trust both of the sources we use. \n\n [1]   [Northwestern University – The State of Local News 2022](https:\u002F\u002Flocalnewsinitiative.northwestern.edu\u002Fresearch\u002Fstate-of-local-news\u002Freport\u002F)\n\n [2]  [PEW – \"U.S. newsroom employment has fallen 26% since 2008\"](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.pewresearch.org\u002Fshort-reads\u002F2021\u002F07\u002F13\u002Fu-s-newsroom-employment-has-fallen-26-since-2008\u002F) \n","The majority of people recognize that local newspapers have suffered over the past 15 years and, if anything, they overestimate how bad the situation is. Of course, it is a big issue for local democracy that there are thousands fewer journalists reporting on school board meetings, political candidates and building permits. But local news isn't dead, and there are individuals and organizations finding new ways to fund quality local news. That should give some hope that local democracy can still be served in a digital age. ","Not less online reporters, but more!","More online reporters than before! ",{"metadata":1565,"sys":1573,"fields":1584},{"tags":1566,"concepts":1572},[1567,1569],{"sys":1568},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":1570},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":1571},"partnership",[],{"space":1574,"id":1576,"type":14,"createdAt":1577,"updatedAt":1578,"environment":1579,"publishedVersion":887,"revision":1581,"contentType":1582,"locale":26},{"sys":1575},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6Q7E5llDWD28aVZJTRZI0z","2022-10-13T09:50:49.914Z","2024-03-21T14:20:46.704Z",{"sys":1580},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},21,{"sys":1583},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"isHidden":118,"isRequiredForChallenge":118,"globalId":1585,"answers":1586,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":887,"name":1641,"questionText":1642,"shortQuestionText":1643,"statistics":1644,"veryWrongStatistics":1647,"correctSentence":1650,"youWereWrong":1651,"youWereRight":1652,"dataSourceShortText":1476,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1653,"extendedAnswerText":1654,"headingVeryWrong":1655,"youWereVeryWrong":1656,"headingWrong":1655},"1502",[1587,1606,1623],{"metadata":1588,"sys":1591,"fields":1603},{"tags":1589,"concepts":1590},[],[],{"space":1592,"id":1594,"type":14,"createdAt":1595,"updatedAt":1596,"environment":1597,"publishedVersion":1599,"revision":1600,"contentType":1601,"locale":26},{"sys":1593},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"7FDij12adLsda0wl75vU1n","2022-10-13T09:50:49.944Z","2023-12-13T10:54:38.275Z",{"sys":1598},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},20,16,{"sys":1602},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1604,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1605},"1502-a1","0 targets",{"metadata":1607,"sys":1610,"fields":1620},{"tags":1608,"concepts":1609},[],[],{"space":1611,"id":1613,"type":14,"createdAt":1614,"updatedAt":1615,"environment":1616,"publishedVersion":1581,"revision":1600,"contentType":1618,"locale":26},{"sys":1612},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2uCZt6OThVlWr0J0796E0T","2022-10-13T09:50:49.973Z","2023-12-13T10:54:38.315Z",{"sys":1617},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1619},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1621,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1622},"1502-a2","14 targets",{"metadata":1624,"sys":1627,"fields":1638},{"tags":1625,"concepts":1626},[],[],{"space":1628,"id":1630,"type":14,"createdAt":1631,"updatedAt":1632,"environment":1633,"publishedVersion":1635,"revision":1600,"contentType":1636,"locale":26},{"sys":1629},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"2PEvPGV4qg1EZrchqG6Mt3","2022-10-13T09:50:49.994Z","2023-12-13T10:54:38.354Z",{"sys":1634},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},19,{"sys":1637},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1639,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1640},"1502-a3","34 targets","SDGs and democracy","The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals have a total of 169 targets. How many of them mention the words \"democracy\" or \"democratic\"?","The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals have 169 targets. How many of them mention the words \"democracy\" or \"democratic\"?",[1645,1646],"uk 0.663","swe 0.9418",[1648,1649],"uk 0.253","swe 0.3204","The words \"democracy\" or \"democratic\" are not mentioned at all in the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals’, because the UN is not promoting any specific kind of constitution.","The UN diplomats succeeded with the seemingly impossible: getting 193 countries to agree about 169 global targets. Some countries also wanted democracy targets, but others did not.","The UN diplomats succeeded with the seemingly impossible: getting 193 countries to agree about 169 global targets. Some countries also wanted democracy targets, but others did not.\n","All of the Sustainable Development Goals’ 169 targets are publicly available, but none of them make any mention of words like “democracy” and “democratic”. Target 16.7 mentions “participatory” decision making.\n(Despite never explicitly mentioning democracy in the Sustainable Development Goals, nor in its founding documents, it is mentioned in the [UN's list of “Global Issues”](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fen\u002Fglobal-issues\u002Fdemocracy)  like this: “The UN supports democracy by promoting human rights, development, and peace and security.”)\n\n[1]  [UN – Do you know all 17 SDGs?](https:\u002F\u002Fsdgs.un.org\u002Fgoals#goals)  \n[2]  [UN – Global Issues: Democracy](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fen\u002Fglobal-issues\u002Fdemocracy)  \n[3]  [Wikipedia – List of all the SDG targets and indicators](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators)  ","If every country only agreed to collaborate with countries that share the same kind of constitution, there would be almost no global collaborations.\n\nAfter the Second World War, the UN was formed to prevent a third one. This required a kind of global diplomatic organization that had never existed before, which tolerates huge cultural and constitutional differences. Such diplomatic tolerance is needed, because a world war would ruin the lives of millions of people all over the planet, and it can’t be prevented by collaborations among small groups of like-minded countries. And there are at least three more such global risks that can affect everyone but they can’t be prevented locally: The risk of pandemics; The risk of financial collapse; The risk of a climate disaster.\n\nIn human history, there are lots of pandemics, wars and economic collapses which were not prevented. But there are no examples of global collaborations like the UN. It is the first diplomatic collaboration platform that covers the whole planet. The UN is far from perfect, and to prevent such disasters in the future it needs to improve a lot. This is the reason why democracy and other controversial topics cannot be pushed by the UN. By not promoting a particular form of government, all countries are able to participate to solve truly global problems that would otherwise be left unsolvable.\n\n(Despite never explicitly mentioning democracy in the Sustainable Development Goals, nor in its founding documents, it is mentioned in the [UN's list of “Global Issues”](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.un.org\u002Fen\u002Fglobal-issues\u002Fdemocracy) like this: “The UN supports democracy by promoting human rights, development, and peace and security.”)\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nPeople who believe the UN promotes democracy, obviously don’t understand the UN’s primary purpose: Diplomacy! They won’t realize the diplomatic limitations that the UN must obey, and they will have unrealistic expectations and get disappointed when the UN doesn’t exclude anti-democratic countries. But the UN doesn’t exclude member countries, even if they conduct the worst possible atrocities. That’s what diplomacy is all about – keeping the dialogue open. As our only truly global diplomatic organization, there’s no room for criticizing the government constitutions of different members. The UN has always included countries which are far from democratic, and that is how it should be. The fight for democracy and free press, is a job for other organizations, such as: [Civicus](https:\u002F\u002Fmonitor.civicus.org\u002Fabout\u002Faboutcivicus\u002F), [IDEA](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.idea.int\u002Fabout-us), [Freedom House](https:\u002F\u002Ffreedomhouse.org\u002Fabout-us) and [The Economist](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.eiu.com\u002Fn\u002Fcampaigns\u002Fdemocracy-index-2021\u002F) \n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nThere are probably three related reasons: First, we have found that a majority of people believe the UN is like a “club for rich democracies”, and they have seen leaders from the US and Europe speak at the UN headquarters in New York, and they imagine these countries are setting the agenda; Second, many people who like the UN will probably assume the UN promotes everything they like, including democracy; Third, some people who dislike the UN, even if they know it includes all of the world, probably assume it has a very “Western” agenda, and promotes the kinds of constitutions that Western Europe likes to promote, including democracy. All of the assumptions above may be relevant criticism of the UN in some aspects, but it does not apply to the mentioning of democracy in the UN goals. \n\n### Can I trust the data?\nYes. All of the Sustainable Development Goals’ 169 targets [are publicly available](https:\u002F\u002Fen.wikipedia.org\u002Fwiki\u002FList_of_Sustainable_Development_Goal_targets_and_indicators). They cover a broad range of important subjects, such as poverty and education, but none of them make any mention of words like “democracy” and “democratic”. One target (16.7) mentions “participatory” decision making (“ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.”)\n","Diplomacy or Democracy ","The UN diplomats succeeded with the seemingly impossible: getting 193 countries to agree about 169 global targets. Some countries wanted democracy targets, but others did not.\n",{"metadata":1658,"sys":1665,"fields":1677},{"tags":1659,"concepts":1664},[1660,1662],{"sys":1661},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":78},{"sys":1663},{"type":10,"linkType":77,"id":816},[],{"space":1666,"id":1668,"type":14,"createdAt":1669,"updatedAt":1670,"environment":1671,"publishedVersion":1673,"revision":1674,"contentType":1675,"locale":26},{"sys":1667},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"f714a3089d84817995c36a4f7a8cf4b4","2021-11-11T07:17:16.216Z","2026-08-03T08:29:49.068Z",{"sys":1672},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},103,27,{"sys":1676},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":95},{"globalId":1678,"answers":1679,"answersAsImages":118,"wrongPercentage":1733,"name":1734,"questionText":1735,"statistics":1736,"veryWrongStatistics":1755,"correctSentence":1775,"youWereWrong":1776,"youWereRight":1777,"dataSourceShortText":422,"dataSourceLinkLongText":1778,"extendedAnswerText":1779,"headingVeryWrong":1780,"youWereVeryWrong":1781,"headingWrong":1782},"18",[1680,1698,1716],{"metadata":1681,"sys":1684,"fields":1695},{"tags":1682,"concepts":1683},[],[],{"space":1685,"id":1687,"type":14,"createdAt":1688,"updatedAt":1689,"environment":1690,"publishedVersion":926,"revision":1692,"contentType":1693,"locale":26},{"sys":1686},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"e4fe5c18a4dd865ff1bd735eaaa82bbe","2021-11-11T07:17:16.258Z","2025-08-11T08:18:42.841Z",{"sys":1691},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},18,{"sys":1694},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1696,"correctAnswer":31,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1697},"18-a1","Around 5%",{"metadata":1699,"sys":1702,"fields":1713},{"tags":1700,"concepts":1701},[],[],{"space":1703,"id":1705,"type":14,"createdAt":1706,"updatedAt":1707,"environment":1708,"publishedVersion":1710,"revision":1600,"contentType":1711,"locale":26},{"sys":1704},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"dd4f21c7125a816b274492ef8cd8129b","2021-11-11T07:17:16.287Z","2024-09-16T12:51:55.628Z",{"sys":1709},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},23,{"sys":1712},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1714,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":118,"answerText":1715},"18-a2","Around 25%",{"metadata":1717,"sys":1720,"fields":1730},{"tags":1718,"concepts":1719},[],[],{"space":1721,"id":1723,"type":14,"createdAt":1724,"updatedAt":1725,"environment":1726,"publishedVersion":1710,"revision":1600,"contentType":1728,"locale":26},{"sys":1722},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"147994bd7335a8ec52118e58bae962f5","2021-11-11T07:17:16.317Z","2024-09-16T12:51:55.680Z",{"sys":1727},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},{"sys":1729},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":115},{"globalId":1731,"correctAnswer":118,"isVeryWrong":31,"answerText":1732},"18-a3","Around 45%",84,"How much of the world's economy comes from agricul","How much of the world's economy comes from agriculture, forestry and fishing?",[1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1298,1297,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754],"uk 0.8171999999999999","swe 0.8530387119783029","nor 0.789657971014491","fin 0.817704325667491","dnk 0.901058285300945","usa 0.84","bra 0.89","fra 0.82","mex 0.88","rus 0.68","esp 0.83","mys 0.83","mar 0.84","zaf 0.83","ind 0.69","pak 0.82","nga 0.9","phl 0.78",[1756,1757,506,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774],"uk 0.33","usa 0.39","fra 0.42","deu 0.29","jpn 0.26","mex 0.47","rus 0.37","esp 0.40","swe 0.28","mys 0.48","mar 0.49","dnk 0.36","fin 0.28","nor 0.20","zaf 0.41","ind 0.43","pak 0.39","nga 0.37","phl 0.41","Around 5% of the world’s economy comes from agriculture, forestry and fishing.","Many people mistakenly believe that agriculture, forestry and fishing make up more than a fifth of the global economy. When you buy a product just a tiny fraction of the price goes to producers of the raw ingredients and raw materials. Poor countries won’t get rich from such exports.","Many people mistakenly believe that agriculture, forestry and fishing make up more than a fifth of the global economy. They don’t realize what a tiny fraction of the economy comes from production of ingredients and raw materials.","The share of the world’s economy which is made up of agriculture, fishing and forestry[1] is only 6%, because almost all money made today comes from services and manufacturing. This is based on national accounts[2] data which is of poorer quality in poorer countries where the informal sector is larger. But this data problem doesn’t influence the global number much, as most of the value is generated in middle- and high-income countries, where data is of higher quality, and in high-income countries, only around 1% of GDP comes from the combined value of agriculture, fishing and forestry. \n\nOver the last 200 years, most countries increased their incomes and as they did they have followed very similar declines of agriculture as a share of their economies[3]. It’s hard to know exactly what the global percentage was at the start of the industrial revolution, but probably around 50%. That’s where a few extremely poor countries still are today.\n\n[1]  [International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC)](https:\u002F\u002Filostat.ilo.org\u002Fresources\u002Fconcepts-and-definitions\u002Fclassification-economic-activities\u002F)  \n[2]  [Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) - World Bank national accounts data and OECD National Accounts data files.](https:\u002F\u002Fdata.worldbank.org\u002Findicator\u002FNV.AGR.TOTL.ZS)  \n[3]  [Share of agriculture in GDP vs GDP per capita, 1801 to 2010, Our World in Data](https:\u002F\u002Fourworldindata.org\u002Fgrapher\u002Fgdp-vs-agriculture-gdp?country=DNK~GBR~USA~ESP~DEU~JPN~BEL~SWE~NLD)  \n[4]  [“Agriculture in the World Economy: an Historical Geography of Decline” by David Grigg in the journal Geography in July 1992.](https:\u002F\u002Fwww.jstor.org\u002Fstable\u002F40572192?seq=1)","During the last 200 years, the share of the world’s economy that comes from agriculture, forestry and fishing has been dropping steadily.\n\nOver that time, most countries increased their average incomes a lot, and as they did agriculture became a smaller and smaller part of their economy. There’s no country that has become rich without reducing agriculture’s share of incomes, by replacing it with other production such as refining raw material into products, manufacturing and services, or by extracting some valuable natural resource like oil.\n\nTo our great surprise, many people in rich countries believe that nearly half of the world’s money still comes from production of wood and the raw ingredients in food. When they buy food, they don’t realize what a tiny fraction of the price goes to the farmer or the fisherman. Almost all the money goes to the food manufacturers and the services who process, package, transport and sell the food to consumers.\n\nToday, most countries are middle-income or high-income, and their economies rely on some combination of manufacturing and services. Working in factories on average pays much better than farming, fishing and forestry. And services on average pay even more (such as jobs in shops, restaurants, banks, education, healthcare, real estate or entertainment industries). Seeing wages from agriculture as a big part of the global economy is an incredibly outdated view. Incomes from agriculture haven’t been 50% of the world economy for 200 years and they haven’t been around 30% for probably 100 years! \n\nIf you don't realize that most countries today have service-based economies, you are probably missing incredible opportunities to work in other places or do business, study and travel.\n\n### Why is it a problem that people are wrong about this?\nJust a few countries today are heavily reliant on agriculture, forestry and fishing to support their economies. If we don’t realize this then we miss the great opportunities available to invest in developing economies globally. We must look at the service industries, modern technologies and manufacturing industries in developing economies today for investment. \n\n### Why are people wrong about this?\nPeople often think there are far more poor people in the world than there are and that the poorer countries are 100 or even 200 years behind where they are, and still heavily reliant on farming, fishing and forestry. People probably don’t want to overlook the work done in these countries and so overestimate the contribution of agriculture, forestry and fishing to the world’s economy.\n\n### Can I trust this fact?\nYes, but we must understand there are caveats. Firstly, this is a global figure and so we must remember there will be variations in this data between regions and countries. Generally, poorer countries are still more reliant on agriculture, forestry and fishing than richer countries. Nonetheless, as these countries progress they will transition towards manufacturing and service industries to support their economies and so investments must be made in these sectors to ensure they prosper over the coming decades. \n","200 years wrong","Many people mistakenly believe that agriculture, forestry and fishing make up more than a fifth of the global economy. Agriculture, forestry and fishing haven’t been a major part of the world economy since the industrial revolution. Poor countries today won’t get rich from such exports.","100 years wrong",{"metadata":1784,"sys":1787,"fields":1797},{"tags":1785,"concepts":1786},[],[],{"space":1788,"id":1790,"type":14,"createdAt":1791,"updatedAt":1791,"environment":1792,"publishedVersion":1794,"revision":21,"contentType":1795,"locale":26},{"sys":1789},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"6RXVXFLAS7BCO5WNFpMMg0","2023-12-13T10:54:38.564Z",{"sys":1793},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},4,{"sys":1796},{"type":10,"linkType":24,"id":67},{"globalId":1798,"heading":1799,"slug":1800,"questions":1801},"ljc_cert","Lithuanian Journalism Centre Certificate","ljc-cert",[72,260,426,550,633,719,809,905,994,1089,1185,1331,1480,1564,1657],{"metadata":1803,"sys":1806,"fields":1816},{"tags":1804,"concepts":1805},[],[],{"space":1807,"id":1809,"type":1810,"createdAt":1811,"updatedAt":1812,"environment":1813,"publishedVersion":1815,"revision":664,"locale":26},{"sys":1808},{"type":10,"linkType":11,"id":12},"54skdkN8W4IBR7UuyZvTCB","Asset","2023-08-06T13:55:46.313Z","2024-01-26T12:43:51.620Z",{"sys":1814},{"id":18,"type":10,"linkType":19},41,{"title":1817,"description":1818,"file":1819},"logo-glob-dev-comm-netw","",{"url":1820,"details":1821,"fileName":1825,"contentType":1826},"\u002F\u002Fimages.ctfassets.net\u002Fghhpjogyw4x7\u002F54skdkN8W4IBR7UuyZvTCB\u002F7f789d26176dfdc89a3de270eeb4cd6e\u002Flogo-glob-dev-comm-netw.png",{"size":1822,"image":1823},24799,{"width":1824,"height":1824},600,"logo-glob-dev-comm-netw.png","image\u002Fpng","cover","UN Goals"]